WEBVTT NOTE Machine transcript of the film's sound; not yet checked. 1 00:01:01.800 --> 00:01:06.800 And this trademark on the pay station, few pause to reflect that a major epic of 2 00:01:06.800 --> 00:01:12.060 American enterprise and industrial advance is actually summed up in each of these symbols. 3 00:01:12.860 --> 00:01:18.500 When they see the J-M symbol, how many realize that here, too, is the stamp of that 4 00:01:18.500 --> 00:01:23.720 unrivaled initiative that has made this country, in so many ways, the number one 5 00:01:23.720 --> 00:01:24.720 nation of the world? 6 00:01:25.460 --> 00:01:31.180 To most people, Johns-Manville means asbestos, a non-burnable suit to 7 00:01:31.180 --> 00:01:32.180 protect the firefighters 8 00:01:32.100 --> 00:01:37.700 on our carriers, or a colorful roof that won't burn or wear out. 9 00:01:38.800 --> 00:01:43.400 Yet these are only two of the products whose total sum would show us wide-flung 10 00:01:43.400 --> 00:01:44.400 webs of 11 00:01:43.900 --> 00:01:50.540 men and manufacturing facilities, natural resources, and native resourcefulness, all 12 00:01:50.540 --> 00:01:55.340 of them animated in every fiber by that dynamic American drive that developed on 13 00:01:55.340 --> 00:02:01.180 this continent an arsenal of democracy and a source of sustenance for the needy 14 00:02:01.180 --> 00:02:07.170 of many lands. In the case of the J-M symbol, more than 400 lines 15 00:02:07.170 --> 00:02:08.170 of products 16 00:02:07.770 --> 00:02:12.810 can scarcely reflect the far-reaching organization of plants, warehouses, 17 00:02:13.030 --> 00:02:18.190 research facilities, sales offices, and mines that combine with the labor of 18 00:02:18.190 --> 00:02:21.750 some 20,000 people to form a living entity, which 19 00:02:21.750 --> 00:02:24.310 is Johns-Manville Corporation. 20 00:02:25.770 --> 00:02:28.050 Now, corporation is a word that designates 21 00:02:28.050 --> 00:02:31.330 such a combination of factories, mines, and people, 22 00:02:31.990 --> 00:02:33.070 especially people. 23 00:02:33.510 --> 00:02:37.110 For unless corporation makes you think primarily of people, 24 00:02:37.870 --> 00:02:40.670 people pooling their efforts to achieve a common purpose, 25 00:02:40.990 --> 00:02:44.710 then it's a poor word to describe an industry that 26 00:02:44.710 --> 00:02:46.970 has grown in characteristic American manner 27 00:02:46.970 --> 00:02:51.190 from the humblest beginnings to a position of leadership in the field of 28 00:02:51.190 --> 00:02:57.090 asbestos and allied products for here home spun from the very 29 00:02:57.090 --> 00:02:58.090 fibers of 30 00:02:57.730 --> 00:03:02.450 freedom and woven into the fabric of our national life is a truly typical 31 00:03:02.450 --> 00:03:06.530 manifestation of individual and group American enterprise of 32 00:03:07.910 --> 00:03:08.970 course we know 33 00:03:08.970 --> 00:03:15.450 the J-M organization didn't just happen it wasn't created by imperial edict nor 34 00:03:15.450 --> 00:03:17.510 was it solemnly legislated into being. 35 00:03:18.850 --> 00:03:21.390 Actually, here was but another human enterprise 36 00:03:21.390 --> 00:03:25.810 born of man's ageless desire to earn a better livelihood. 37 00:03:28.180 --> 00:03:30.590 So let's go back to New York in 1858, 38 00:03:30.910 --> 00:03:32.670 a year that brought this nation 39 00:03:32.670 --> 00:03:35.230 to the perilous brink of war between the states. 40 00:03:37.100 --> 00:03:39.930 Yet pioneering Americans were still pushing on to Oregon 41 00:03:39.930 --> 00:03:43.170 and blazing their iron trails into the untamed West. 42 00:03:43.170 --> 00:03:49.090 men were taking long chances with new ideas in a country alive and moving with 43 00:03:49.090 --> 00:03:50.850 energy but not 44 00:03:50.850 --> 00:03:56.210 all the pioneers took the westward trail one remained in a dim basement on William Street 45 00:03:56.210 --> 00:04:02.170 he was 21 and his name was H.W. Johns had 46 00:04:02.170 --> 00:04:05.630 anyone called him capitalist or rugged individualist 47 00:04:05.630 --> 00:04:11.490 chances are he'd have left and resumed his labors after all he was 48 00:04:11.490 --> 00:04:12.910 just another energetic young 49 00:04:12.910 --> 00:04:17.930 American who, despite rumors of war, was determined to set up his own business, 50 00:04:18.230 --> 00:04:23.850 be master of his own destiny. But in addition, H.W. 51 00:04:23.930 --> 00:04:26.390 Johns had imagination, and this took 52 00:04:26.390 --> 00:04:32.090 fire when he read in an 1859 encyclopedia, asbestos, 53 00:04:32.090 --> 00:04:34.550 a mineral of the hornblende family. 54 00:04:35.310 --> 00:04:41.130 Cloth made of this mineral is not affected by heat. The mineral is abundant in this country 55 00:04:41.130 --> 00:04:43.690 and on Staten Island in New York Harbor. 56 00:04:44.270 --> 00:04:46.290 It is found in bundles of fiber 57 00:04:46.290 --> 00:04:47.950 resembling slips of dry wood. 58 00:04:49.310 --> 00:04:51.970 Asbestos is used for lining fireproof safes 59 00:04:51.970 --> 00:04:53.770 and as a filter for chemicals. 60 00:04:54.550 --> 00:04:56.950 It is, however, in very little demand. 61 00:04:58.650 --> 00:05:00.630 Many people read that quaint description 62 00:05:00.630 --> 00:05:02.170 and did nothing about it, 63 00:05:02.250 --> 00:05:04.110 but not H.W. Johns. 64 00:05:04.650 --> 00:05:05.950 He obtained samples, 65 00:05:06.450 --> 00:05:08.290 took them to his gloomy basement, 66 00:05:08.290 --> 00:05:14.330 and worked far into the flickering New York nights how often he failed is not 67 00:05:14.330 --> 00:05:18.670 known but by the time the war between the states had come to its costly end 68 00:05:18.670 --> 00:05:24.410 Horace Greeley wrote in his Tribune H.W. Johns' improved roofing 69 00:05:24.410 --> 00:05:25.570 is strong and 70 00:05:25.570 --> 00:05:31.570 flexible unaffected by the sun's heat practically fireproof and is really an 71 00:05:31.570 --> 00:05:37.150 article of the first order of merit young Johns realized the importance of 72 00:05:37.150 --> 00:05:38.150 the great editor's opinion. 73 00:05:39.000 --> 00:05:41.170 This is amply attested by an advertisement 74 00:05:41.560 --> 00:05:45.110 in an 1871 edition of the American Agriculturist. 75 00:05:45.980 --> 00:05:49.190 And because Johns' asbestos roofings were as advertised, 76 00:05:49.670 --> 00:05:53.050 the public responded, and his business prospered. 77 00:05:54.680 --> 00:05:57.030 Soon he was experimenting with asbestos papers 78 00:05:57.030 --> 00:06:00.210 and other innovations, for it is an axiom 79 00:06:00.210 --> 00:06:03.350 of a successful business that it cannot stand still. 80 00:06:03.350 --> 00:06:09.010 It must expand by adopting new ideas, producing new products, 81 00:06:09.210 --> 00:06:13.350 and investing new capital, or it must ultimately close its doors. 82 00:06:14.770 --> 00:06:20.630 Discovery of extensive asbestos deposits in Quebec enabled Johns to expand into the 83 00:06:20.630 --> 00:06:26.870 manufacture of asbestos twines, rope, paper, mill board, cloth, and cements. 84 00:06:27.770 --> 00:06:32.650 Meanwhile, another business was becoming known in Milwaukee, where Charles B. 85 00:06:32.690 --> 00:06:33.710 Manville began 86 00:06:33.710 --> 00:06:38.530 mixing blue clay, paper pulp, and animal hair into an insulating material. 87 00:06:39.050 --> 00:06:45.050 With his three sons, he established the Manville Covering Company, advancing a new conception 88 00:06:45.050 --> 00:06:48.630 of the conservation of industrial heat by insulation. 89 00:06:50.150 --> 00:06:55.510 But as higher temperatures were required in industrial operations, these men eventually 90 00:06:55.510 --> 00:07:00.030 realized they had to use asbestos fiber to withstand these temperatures. 91 00:07:00.610 --> 00:07:01.610 So it 92 00:07:01.430 --> 00:07:06.150 was only natural, and in the progressive American tradition, that the Manvilles, 93 00:07:06.430 --> 00:07:11.350 father and sons, would presently find their way to the doorstep of H.W. 94 00:07:11.430 --> 00:07:13.630 Johns. A 95 00:07:13.630 --> 00:07:17.130 few years later, in 1901, the H.W. 96 00:07:17.190 --> 00:07:20.210 Johns-Manville Company was formed with its 97 00:07:20.210 --> 00:07:25.970 main office in New York City. The company's development from this time on is a classic 98 00:07:25.970 --> 00:07:31.590 example of American industrial growth. In the middle 1920s, however, 99 00:07:31.870 --> 00:07:33.150 a new industrial 100 00:07:33.150 --> 00:07:38.510 cycle was in full swing. Industries were called upon by the demands of an 101 00:07:38.510 --> 00:07:39.550 increasing population 102 00:07:40.190 --> 00:07:45.710 and America's ever-rising standard of living for greater and greater services and production. 103 00:07:45.710 --> 00:07:51.410 private fortunes were seldom adequate to finance the new plants new machinery 104 00:07:51.410 --> 00:07:52.810 and the many new 105 00:07:52.810 --> 00:07:58.550 facilities needed thus public ownership through the savings of millions of people 106 00:07:58.550 --> 00:07:59.550 who bought 107 00:07:59.370 --> 00:08:04.310 stock in corporations became the means of providing the necessary capital for these 108 00:08:04.310 --> 00:08:09.230 expansions such a transition was taking place in 1926 109 00:08:09.230 --> 00:08:12.450 and a year later stock in the newly 110 00:08:12.450 --> 00:08:16.230 formed Johns-Manville Corporation was offered to the public. 111 00:08:17.130 --> 00:08:18.530 Professional scientific 112 00:08:18.530 --> 00:08:24.670 management took the place of family control, and a healthy expansion has been a dominant 113 00:08:24.670 --> 00:08:30.490 keynote from that day to this. As a measure of the steady progress of this representative 114 00:08:30.490 --> 00:08:36.270 American enterprise, annual sales have increased from 44 million to 115 00:08:36.270 --> 00:08:39.610 around 200 million. From 116 00:08:39.610 --> 00:08:46.330 less than 1,000 stockholders, Johns- Manville is now owned by more than 13,000 stockholders. 117 00:08:47.050 --> 00:08:50.770 Now it's often a mistake to use the dollar as a measure of size. 118 00:08:51.290 --> 00:08:56.270 You will find a truer yardstick of a company's progress in its employment figures, 119 00:08:56.630 --> 00:08:57.630 the number 120 00:08:57.430 --> 00:09:01.130 of jobs created directly and indirectly. 121 00:09:02.110 --> 00:09:08.030 during this period the number of employees has increased from 6,000 to 122 00:09:08.030 --> 00:09:10.310 20,000 and the annual 123 00:09:10.310 --> 00:09:15.790 payroll is six times as great or 50 million dollars more than a quarter of a 124 00:09:15.790 --> 00:09:16.790 century ago 125 00:09:17.490 --> 00:09:22.990 but when it stated that J-M makes about 20,000 jobs that's only a start 126 00:09:22.990 --> 00:09:24.950 other jobs are created 127 00:09:24.950 --> 00:09:30.610 in the many firms from which the company buys materials and services still more in 128 00:09:30.610 --> 00:09:31.610 all the 129 00:09:30.970 --> 00:09:35.750 organizations to whom the company sells. In the old days, a worker's 130 00:09:35.750 --> 00:09:39.850 effectiveness and his earnings were limited by inadequate tools. 131 00:09:40.910 --> 00:09:41.910 Nowadays, 132 00:09:41.810 --> 00:09:46.510 with modern tools and other mechanical aids, his efforts are multiplied a 133 00:09:46.510 --> 00:09:52.310 hundredfold, and a man doesn't have to work nearly as long or as hard to earn 134 00:09:52.310 --> 00:09:58.210 much more. That hand shovel we saw a moment ago cost a dollar fifty cents. 135 00:09:58.210 --> 00:10:02.930 This huge power shovel cost Johns-Manville over $200,000, 136 00:10:03.250 --> 00:10:05.670 obviously much more than individual 137 00:10:05.670 --> 00:10:11.630 workers could afford. But corporations, which are cooperative enterprises created 138 00:10:11.630 --> 00:10:12.630 by many 139 00:10:12.190 --> 00:10:16.490 persons who risk their savings, can and do provide such costly equipment. 140 00:10:16.930 --> 00:10:18.270 The more capital, 141 00:10:18.510 --> 00:10:22.870 the more tools. The more tools, the more each man can turn out. 142 00:10:23.070 --> 00:10:24.910 And the more each man produces, 143 00:10:24.910 --> 00:10:28.610 uses, the more prosperous are the communities in which he and his family 144 00:10:28.610 --> 00:10:34.450 can enjoy their lives. Here is the secret of the industrial success of the modern 145 00:10:34.450 --> 00:10:39.090 democratic society and the high standard of living in those nations which 146 00:10:39.090 --> 00:10:44.940 maintain a free competitive business system. It would 147 00:10:44.940 --> 00:10:46.140 seem extraordinary that 148 00:10:46.140 --> 00:10:50.980 a great organization of men and machines is based primarily on such a tiny silk 149 00:10:50.980 --> 00:10:56.800 like fiber as this but such is the case for this is asbestos the 150 00:10:56.800 --> 00:10:57.800 magic mineral 151 00:10:57.580 --> 00:11:02.360 it is the raw material that forms the foundation of many Johns-Manville 152 00:11:02.360 --> 00:11:08.600 products resembling cotton or wool at first glance asbestos is actually a 153 00:11:08.600 --> 00:11:14.380 fiber of stone yet it's amazingly flexible its greatest renown rests 154 00:11:14.380 --> 00:11:19.280 rightly enough on its resistance to heat and the fact that it will not burn 155 00:11:19.280 --> 00:11:24.340 surprisingly too these fragile looking fibers are extremely strong 156 00:11:24.340 --> 00:11:27.820 what fierce prehistoric 157 00:11:27.820 --> 00:11:33.140 forces veined this serpentine rock with asbestos withering volcanic heat perhaps 158 00:11:33.140 --> 00:11:34.460 plus tremendous 159 00:11:34.460 --> 00:11:40.200 geological pressures science isn't completely sure more than 20 160 00:11:40.200 --> 00:11:42.340 centuries ago men knew the 161 00:11:42.340 --> 00:11:48.440 magic mineral existed yet only in the latter part of the last century did the new human 162 00:11:48.440 --> 00:11:53.720 needs of an awakening industrial age transformed these fibers into more than 163 00:11:53.720 --> 00:11:58.820 a mere curiosity. Then, through invention, intensive development, 164 00:11:58.960 --> 00:12:00.460 and the vision and 165 00:12:00.460 --> 00:12:05.900 initiative found where free enterprise prevails, men began making asbestos a 166 00:12:05.900 --> 00:12:11.400 basic part of modern civilization. Deposits of asbestos dot the planet. 167 00:12:12.420 --> 00:12:17.480 In South Africa, Italy, Cyprus, 168 00:12:17.700 --> 00:12:18.700 Russia, 169 00:12:23.250 --> 00:12:29.160 Australia, China, India, 170 00:12:29.460 --> 00:12:36.350 the United States, and here 171 00:12:36.350 --> 00:12:39.210 in Canada is the biggest deposit in the world. 172 00:12:40.010 --> 00:12:46.170 High above this huge hole in the ground once stood a rocky hilltop, the old Charles Webb 173 00:12:46.170 --> 00:12:47.170 Farm. 174 00:12:46.570 --> 00:12:52.150 In 1881, with the town of Asbestos Quebec yet to be named, 175 00:12:52.390 --> 00:12:54.890 a wealthy farmer, W.H. Jeffrey, 176 00:12:55.410 --> 00:12:58.810 decided to risk his savings and develop the asbestos deposits. 177 00:12:59.650 --> 00:13:01.290 The mining was primitive. 178 00:13:01.990 --> 00:13:06.770 Asbestos ore was blasted and dug out by hand chisels from three shallow pits. 179 00:13:07.730 --> 00:13:08.810 Jeffrey operated 180 00:13:08.810 --> 00:13:13.910 the mine for 14 years. Then came the money panic of 1893. 181 00:13:14.970 --> 00:13:16.190 Jeffrey had not put 182 00:13:16.190 --> 00:13:21.810 aside enough money from earnings to meet the emergency, and his impending failure menaced 183 00:13:21.810 --> 00:13:25.590 the financial security of every family in the growing village. 184 00:13:26.630 --> 00:13:28.630 Just in time, Jeffrey 185 00:13:28.630 --> 00:13:32.910 sold out to a group of men who managed to keep the mine going another 21 years. 186 00:13:34.490 --> 00:13:40.310 World War I found the mine again in difficulty, again jobs were threatened, fear 187 00:13:40.310 --> 00:13:41.310 of a business 188 00:13:40.890 --> 00:13:44.730 collapse hung over the community. Every home would be affected. 189 00:13:46.130 --> 00:13:47.950 Then T.F. Manville appeared 190 00:13:47.950 --> 00:13:52.910 on the scene, bought the mine property, formed a new company, and the town of 191 00:13:52.910 --> 00:13:54.330 Asbestos, again 192 00:13:54.330 --> 00:13:58.090 saved from disaster, began a new period of prosperity. 193 00:13:59.210 --> 00:14:02.150 Today, both open pit and underground 194 00:14:02.150 --> 00:14:08.250 mining methods bring out the asbestos fiber. Here in the open pit mine, great 195 00:14:08.250 --> 00:14:11.750 masses of richly-veined rock are blasted by dynamite. 196 00:14:11.950 --> 00:14:12.950 Power 197 00:14:19.430 --> 00:14:20.470 shovels load the 198 00:14:20.470 --> 00:14:26.220 loosened rock into mill-bound cars. Down in the underground 199 00:14:26.220 --> 00:14:27.400 mine, as elsewhere, 200 00:14:27.740 --> 00:14:32.440 modern machines take care of the toughest parts of the job, turn them into 201 00:14:32.440 --> 00:14:38.410 push-button operations. You will search here in vain 202 00:14:38.410 --> 00:14:39.770 for the grimy underground 203 00:14:39.770 --> 00:14:45.450 worker of an earlier era. These modern miners come to work well 204 00:14:45.450 --> 00:14:46.450 -dressed in 205 00:14:46.190 --> 00:14:49.910 their own cars and change clothes in spacious locker rooms. 206 00:14:50.690 --> 00:14:52.430 Years ago there 207 00:14:52.430 --> 00:14:57.270 were jobs for only 25 men. Now there are 2,500 jobs. 208 00:14:57.990 --> 00:15:00.270 The work is much easier and 209 00:15:00.270 --> 00:15:05.570 the men are on duty eight hours instead of 12. Of course there are other ways of 210 00:15:05.570 --> 00:15:06.950 getting a mineral out of the ground, 211 00:15:07.530 --> 00:15:09.290 one would be to use slave labor, 212 00:15:09.530 --> 00:15:11.650 driving the men to the limits of endurance, 213 00:15:12.210 --> 00:15:14.890 pouring in replacements from political prisons 214 00:15:14.890 --> 00:15:16.410 and concentration camps. 215 00:15:17.330 --> 00:15:19.970 But that kind of system doesn't result 216 00:15:19.970 --> 00:15:22.470 in the kind of town found at Asbestos Quebec. 217 00:15:24.440 --> 00:15:27.100 Nor does that kind of system house its miners 218 00:15:27.100 --> 00:15:28.280 in homes like these. 219 00:15:30.350 --> 00:15:33.390 Give them a choice between town or farm life. 220 00:15:35.320 --> 00:15:38.200 And it isn't likely to erect a modern industrial clinic 221 00:15:38.200 --> 00:15:45.500 such as this providing workers with the last word in scientific medical care in 222 00:15:45.500 --> 00:15:50.800 this J-M mine as the annual payroll has risen from a few thousand to more than 223 00:15:50.800 --> 00:15:56.000 six million dollars the yearly yield of asbestos fiber has soared to 224 00:15:56.000 --> 00:16:01.790 approximately 400,000 tons in the 225 00:16:01.790 --> 00:16:05.990 mill crushers pulverize the ore and machines 226 00:16:05.990 --> 00:16:10.650 like huge vacuum cleaners suck up the fiber, reject the waste rock. 227 00:16:11.610 --> 00:16:16.830 Fibers vary in length from a fraction of an inch to more than two inches, the 228 00:16:16.830 --> 00:16:17.830 longer ones 229 00:16:17.430 --> 00:16:20.090 lending themselves readily to spinning and weaving. 230 00:16:21.070 --> 00:16:26.530 Bagged for shipment, the graded fiber goes out to J-M factories in Canada and the United 231 00:16:26.530 --> 00:16:32.410 States to be made into an amazing range of useful products for industry, farm, 232 00:16:32.610 --> 00:16:33.610 and home. 233 00:16:33.070 --> 00:16:39.550 The variety of products of which asbestos is a vital component is truly remarkable. 234 00:16:40.510 --> 00:16:46.450 Johns-Manville plants manufacture a more varied group of asbestos products than any other 235 00:16:46.450 --> 00:16:52.050 plants in the world. Asbestos yarns and textiles that can't burn, rot, 236 00:16:52.290 --> 00:16:53.430 or disintegrate from 237 00:16:53.430 --> 00:16:59.350 heat or friction. These textiles are made into asbestos suits for laboratory workers 238 00:16:59.350 --> 00:17:05.530 and modern firefighters. There are products made principally from asbestos 239 00:17:05.530 --> 00:17:10.410 combined with Portland cement, such as convenient movable walls for commercial 240 00:17:10.410 --> 00:17:12.850 buildings, factories, and institutions. 241 00:17:15.640 --> 00:17:18.620 Flexboard, a sheet material for bathrooms, 242 00:17:19.020 --> 00:17:21.580 kitchens, and other home and farm uses. 243 00:17:24.430 --> 00:17:27.410 Asbestos roofing and siding shingles to 244 00:17:27.410 --> 00:17:30.310 protect homes against fire, weather, and wear. 245 00:17:31.670 --> 00:17:35.550 In an entirely different field, asbestos and cement 246 00:17:35.550 --> 00:17:40.670 are joined in Johns-Manville's Transite Pipe for water, waste 247 00:17:40.670 --> 00:17:42.890 disposal, and irrigation systems, 248 00:17:43.490 --> 00:17:46.510 and as a conduit for electrical and distribution systems. 249 00:17:48.900 --> 00:17:51.780 Asbestos fiber and diatomaceous silica 250 00:17:52.060 --> 00:17:54.600 are formed into fireproof sheets of J-M 251 00:17:54.600 --> 00:17:57.280 Marinite and marine sheathing, which 252 00:17:57.280 --> 00:17:59.400 help prevent disastrous fires at sea. 253 00:17:59.760 --> 00:18:04.810 The first major installation was made in the S.S. 254 00:18:04.850 --> 00:18:05.850 America 255 00:18:05.800 --> 00:18:07.950 following the tragic Morro Castle fire. 256 00:18:10.670 --> 00:18:13.350 It is now used on practically all the passenger 257 00:18:13.350 --> 00:18:16.310 and crew accommodations of America's merchant marine, 258 00:18:16.670 --> 00:18:18.750 the safest fleet afloat. 259 00:18:19.930 --> 00:18:22.070 To protect both pilot and plane 260 00:18:22.070 --> 00:18:24.110 from the intense heat of jet engines, 261 00:18:24.860 --> 00:18:27.190 blankets of felted asbestos are used. 262 00:18:28.590 --> 00:18:33.390 thousands of people walk every day on floors made of asbestos combined with asphalt 263 00:18:33.390 --> 00:18:34.590 and with vinyl 264 00:18:34.590 --> 00:18:40.590 resins that make these durable resilient floor tiles and millions more are the unconscious 265 00:18:40.590 --> 00:18:46.490 beneficiaries of other hidden asbestos uses the car that 266 00:18:46.490 --> 00:18:48.570 stops at an intersection for a red light 267 00:18:48.570 --> 00:18:53.470 is safely brought to a halt by brake lining made with asbestos and other substances 268 00:18:53.470 --> 00:18:54.870 which are also 269 00:18:54.870 --> 00:18:58.890 used for clutch facings in autos and there are other asbestos friction 270 00:18:58.890 --> 00:19:02.150 materials for the control of heavy industrial machinery. 271 00:19:03.810 --> 00:19:05.330 Another hidden use 272 00:19:05.330 --> 00:19:10.750 of asbestos is found in the countless types of thermal insulations, refractory 273 00:19:10.750 --> 00:19:14.850 cements, and insulating brick in which asbestos plays a vital part. 274 00:19:15.890 --> 00:19:16.890 Combined 275 00:19:16.570 --> 00:19:21.650 with magnesia and other materials, asbestos fiber makes large-scale power 276 00:19:21.650 --> 00:19:26.950 control efficient and economical saving millions of dollars in heat and power 277 00:19:26.950 --> 00:19:32.890 costs in another behind-the-scenes role asbestos alone and 278 00:19:32.890 --> 00:19:33.910 in combination with 279 00:19:33.910 --> 00:19:39.930 other materials is used for industrial packings and gaskets practically all 280 00:19:39.930 --> 00:19:45.250 power machinery is made with movable parts which require packings to seal in 281 00:19:45.250 --> 00:19:49.450 the highly compressed steam, gas, or air which drive the machinery. 282 00:19:50.890 --> 00:19:52.730 Another important manifestation 283 00:19:52.730 --> 00:19:57.310 of the magic mineral is in the form of asbestos papers and felts. 284 00:19:58.750 --> 00:20:00.390 Papers as fine as only one 285 00:20:00.390 --> 00:20:05.070 ten-thousandth of an inch thick, important in insulating the coils of electric motors 286 00:20:05.550 --> 00:20:11.430 and in other electrical equipment. Asbestos felts, saturated with asphalt, 287 00:20:11.730 --> 00:20:12.730 resist all 288 00:20:12.730 --> 00:20:18.410 sorts of weather to protect all manner of structures from modest garage to 289 00:20:18.410 --> 00:20:23.770 towering skyscraper. This extraordinary machine is applying 290 00:20:23.770 --> 00:20:25.630 asbestos felts to 291 00:20:25.630 --> 00:20:30.790 the now historic Big Inch pipeline so important to the oil industry for the 292 00:20:30.790 --> 00:20:34.550 rapid transportation of petroleum products. But 293 00:20:38.680 --> 00:20:39.800 Johns-Manville's varied 294 00:20:39.800 --> 00:20:44.860 business does not depend on asbestos fiber alone. Quick to perceive the truth 295 00:20:44.860 --> 00:20:50.760 of the old maxim that to stand still is to die, Johns-Manville's management has 296 00:20:50.760 --> 00:20:54.880 over the years added new enterprises involving other raw materials. 297 00:20:56.120 --> 00:20:57.120 One of the 298 00:20:56.960 --> 00:21:01.300 most important of these is diatomaceous silica, mined at the company's quarries 299 00:21:01.300 --> 00:21:07.380 in Lompoc, California. Celite is the trade name used by J-M to market its 300 00:21:07.380 --> 00:21:11.420 diatomaceous silica products, which include insulations and insulating 301 00:21:11.420 --> 00:21:17.200 cement filter powders for clarifying liquids and mineral fillers which 302 00:21:17.200 --> 00:21:21.040 improve the quality and reduce the cost of hundreds of manufactured products 303 00:21:22.120 --> 00:21:27.580 wood pulp is also a vital raw material in Johns-Manville's operations from 304 00:21:27.580 --> 00:21:33.180 southern pine at Jarratt Virginia and Natchez Mississippi J-M manufactures 305 00:21:33.180 --> 00:21:39.680 insulating board products for home and industry interior wall paneling ceilings 306 00:21:39.680 --> 00:21:45.380 and exterior sheathing. Rubber, too, is important in J-M's lines of products. 307 00:21:45.740 --> 00:21:47.360 At the Van Cleef Factory 308 00:21:47.360 --> 00:21:52.980 in Chicago, J-M manufactures a variety of rubber products for home and industry. 309 00:21:54.400 --> 00:21:55.460 Carefully selected 310 00:21:55.460 --> 00:22:00.560 slag obtained from the refining of metals should not be overlooked either, for 311 00:22:00.560 --> 00:22:01.560 from it are made rock 312 00:22:01.540 --> 00:22:07.420 wool insulations for new and existing homes to keep them warmer in winter and 313 00:22:07.420 --> 00:22:08.500 cooler in summer. 314 00:22:09.680 --> 00:22:14.840 Other forms of rock-wool insulation are used in refrigerators, railroad cars, 315 00:22:15.280 --> 00:22:20.680 automobile bodies, and other mechanical equipment. In order to keep and improve 316 00:22:20.680 --> 00:22:25.520 its competitive position and thus assure jobs for its present workers and create 317 00:22:25.520 --> 00:22:30.200 new jobs, Johns-Manville provides the world's largest and most modern 318 00:22:30.200 --> 00:22:35.500 facilities for research in building materials, insulations, and allied 319 00:22:35.500 --> 00:22:41.620 industrial products. This huge research center is located near Manville, New 320 00:22:41.620 --> 00:22:45.680 Jersey. Eighty years ago H.W. 321 00:22:45.740 --> 00:22:48.460 Johns, one of the founders of the company, laid down a 322 00:22:48.460 --> 00:22:53.840 fundamental policy. It was, we promise and claim less than many others 323 00:22:53.840 --> 00:22:54.860 but shall 324 00:22:54.860 --> 00:23:00.000 endeavor as heretofore to furnish the best materials of the kind and to make 325 00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:05.040 every resource available for their improvement. This is the tradition of 326 00:23:05.040 --> 00:23:09.060 Johns-Manville research and the principle upon which it has been built. 327 00:23:10.380 --> 00:23:14.500 Today, countless new developments in Johns-Manville's many fields are 328 00:23:14.500 --> 00:23:19.280 beckoning. Other fields of services and products as yet undreamed of are 329 00:23:19.280 --> 00:23:24.760 awaiting discovery. But to achieve such results, it is necessary to keep many men 330 00:23:24.760 --> 00:23:30.060 on payrolls and give them steady work. And that means, to continue in business, 331 00:23:30.060 --> 00:23:34.280 it is imperative that each contributing enterprise make a profit. 332 00:23:34.860 --> 00:23:38.600 For profits put back to work in the form of additional investments 333 00:23:38.600 --> 00:23:41.840 enable corporations to improve their products, 334 00:23:42.160 --> 00:23:45.760 expand, replace worn-out tools and machinery, 335 00:23:46.140 --> 00:23:48.360 and create more steady jobs. 336 00:23:49.440 --> 00:23:52.240 How much in profits does it take to do all this? 337 00:23:52.900 --> 00:23:55.280 Actually, much less than most people think. 338 00:23:55.280 --> 00:24:01.020 On the average, industry's profits amount to five cents out of each dollar 339 00:24:01.020 --> 00:24:02.020 taken in. 340 00:24:03.740 --> 00:24:08.660 Asbestos is truly termed the magic mineral, for certainly there would seem to be no 341 00:24:08.660 --> 00:24:09.660 walk of life. 342 00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.620 Be it the great industries, our battle fleets in peace or war, 343 00:24:14.940 --> 00:24:18.400 our railroads with their luxury stream liners, 344 00:24:18.400 --> 00:24:24.280 the vast network of globe girdling airlines or a 345 00:24:24.280 --> 00:24:26.960 permanent comfortable home in which these silky 346 00:24:26.960 --> 00:24:32.860 fibers do not make a major contribution to economy protection and long 347 00:24:32.860 --> 00:24:36.280 life thus have 348 00:24:36.280 --> 00:24:41.420 free business enterprise and unrestricted imagination developed asbestos into one of 349 00:24:41.420 --> 00:24:46.800 the world's most valuable natural resources taking its place with oil wood and 350 00:24:46.800 --> 00:24:47.820 metal as 351 00:24:47.820 --> 00:24:53.560 an almost fabulous servant to man. From the busy mine at Asbestos, from the 352 00:24:53.560 --> 00:24:58.740 forests, quarries, refineries and other sources, flow the raw materials to J-M 353 00:24:58.740 --> 00:25:03.980 factories in Canada and the United States to be made into more than 400 354 00:25:03.980 --> 00:25:09.860 lines of products to shield man from heat, cold and noise and help 355 00:25:09.860 --> 00:25:10.860 protect him 356 00:25:10.480 --> 00:25:16.260 from fire, weather and wear. These products are made not only 357 00:25:16.260 --> 00:25:17.260 here at 358 00:25:16.900 --> 00:25:22.320 Asbestos, but here at Toronto, here at Manville, New Jersey, 359 00:25:22.540 --> 00:25:24.760 here at Tilton, New 360 00:25:24.760 --> 00:25:30.040 Hampshire, here at Waukegan, Illinois, here 361 00:25:31.320 --> 00:25:35.810 at Marrero, Louisiana, here at Watson, 362 00:25:36.030 --> 00:25:41.450 California, here at Natchez, Mississippi, here 363 00:25:43.080 --> 00:25:47.260 at Jarratt, Virginia, here at 364 00:25:47.260 --> 00:25:52.540 Alexandria, Indiana, here at Billerica, Massachusetts, 365 00:25:53.080 --> 00:25:56.000 here at 366 00:25:56.000 --> 00:25:57.060 Lompoc, California. 367 00:25:59.120 --> 00:26:01.020 Here at Los Angeles, California. 368 00:26:03.340 --> 00:26:05.480 Here at Nashua, New Hampshire. 369 00:26:08.150 --> 00:26:10.470 Here at New Brunswick, New Jersey. 370 00:26:12.730 --> 00:26:14.690 Here at Pittsburg, California. 371 00:26:17.090 --> 00:26:19.410 Here at Redwood City, California. 372 00:26:22.060 --> 00:26:23.820 Here at Richmond, Indiana. 373 00:26:25.520 --> 00:26:27.640 Here at Zelienople, Pennsylvania. 374 00:26:29.850 --> 00:26:31.570 Here at Chicago, Illinois. 375 00:26:33.660 --> 00:26:38.960 And here at Munro, in northern Ontario's newly discovered asbestos deposits, 376 00:26:39.280 --> 00:26:40.280 is the 377 00:26:40.160 --> 00:26:44.900 Johns-Manville mine which assures a supplementary source of certain types of 378 00:26:44.900 --> 00:26:50.870 fiber not found at Asbestos Quebec more than 379 00:26:50.870 --> 00:26:51.990 keeping pace with physical 380 00:26:51.990 --> 00:26:55.730 expansion has been the company's continuing progress in other fields 381 00:26:56.470 --> 00:27:00.610 Johns-Manville was a leader in improving the living and working conditions of its 382 00:27:00.610 --> 00:27:06.130 employees was among the first companies to establish minimum hiring wages and 383 00:27:06.130 --> 00:27:10.110 one of the first corporations to introduce the 40-hour week on a 384 00:27:10.110 --> 00:27:15.990 national scale and so we've seen how these fragile looking fibers of a 385 00:27:15.990 --> 00:27:20.930 remarkable mineral with their amazingly manifold uses have enlisted the energies 386 00:27:20.930 --> 00:27:26.850 of enterprising men through many decades and resulted in a significant symbol one 387 00:27:26.850 --> 00:27:32.410 that represents an important corporation with its factories mines warehouses 388 00:27:32.410 --> 00:27:38.630 offices laboratories and people pooling their toil and treasure to achieve a 389 00:27:38.630 --> 00:27:44.850 common goal and now we can see too that this major industry itself is actually 390 00:27:44.850 --> 00:27:49.830 but one of the symbols of something bigger and more basic still our native 391 00:27:49.830 --> 00:27:55.410 way of doing things that inspires and makes possible such dynamic progress and 392 00:27:55.410 --> 00:28:00.650 development for the J-M symbol is representative of many others that serve 393 00:28:00.650 --> 00:28:06.460 as index to the complete industrial scene when the J-M mine 394 00:28:06.460 --> 00:28:07.460 offered regular 395 00:28:07.240 --> 00:28:12.200 worthwhile wages that a man could depend on it drew hundreds of farmers away from 396 00:28:12.200 --> 00:28:17.560 unrewarding backwoods drudgery and this local shift of population was a 397 00:28:17.560 --> 00:28:21.600 miniature mirror of the major drift of population throughout the United States 398 00:28:21.600 --> 00:28:27.560 away from the farms to the cities less than a century ago more 399 00:28:27.560 --> 00:28:28.560 than half our 400 00:28:28.200 --> 00:28:34.300 workers toiled at farming or forestry today less than one-fifth yet more than 401 00:28:34.300 --> 00:28:39.220 half our land area is still in farms which account for some six million 402 00:28:39.220 --> 00:28:43.440 independent business enterprises still rooted in the American soil. 403 00:28:43.820 --> 00:28:44.820 That 404 00:28:45.740 --> 00:28:51.180 sweeping exodus from a rural to an urban existence was made possible of course by 405 00:28:51.180 --> 00:28:54.240 industry's invention and production of more effective tools. 406 00:28:55.200 --> 00:28:56.480 Substitution of the 407 00:28:56.480 --> 00:28:59.840 machine for human toil and long dreary hours. 408 00:29:00.300 --> 00:29:02.500 Still more significant is the 409 00:29:02.500 --> 00:29:06.740 increase in the output of goods and services for each man hour of labor. 410 00:29:07.080 --> 00:29:08.080 Its 411 00:29:07.660 --> 00:29:11.520 average value has risen from a quarter to a dollar and a quarter. 412 00:29:12.320 --> 00:29:13.320 So it would 413 00:29:13.300 --> 00:29:18.300 seem in the final analysis that the free enterprise way of getting things done is 414 00:29:18.300 --> 00:29:22.680 perhaps not the system that has been described by certain groups as faulty. 415 00:29:23.220 --> 00:29:24.220 It 416 00:29:23.860 --> 00:29:28.760 is not boasting but bald fact to state that this country now has the highest 417 00:29:28.760 --> 00:29:34.140 standard of living ever attained. This means that the average American earns 418 00:29:34.140 --> 00:29:40.560 more money, eats better food, has a better house, better clothes, schools, theaters, 419 00:29:40.880 --> 00:29:46.540 and more conveniences than the average citizen of any other country anywhere at 420 00:29:46.540 --> 00:29:52.500 any time. And no conceivable end has yet appeared in the unfolding contours of 421 00:29:52.500 --> 00:29:57.960 the foreseeable future. We continue to launch new enterprises, manufacture more 422 00:29:57.960 --> 00:30:03.200 goods, introduce new products, to create new jobs that make money, 423 00:30:03.320 --> 00:30:04.720 money that makes 424 00:30:04.720 --> 00:30:10.940 new jobs, and tirelessly weave from the tough fibers of freedom new patterns that point 425 00:30:10.940 --> 00:30:17.120 to still better ways to serve mankind. And many of us realize that therein lies the secret 426 00:30:17.120 --> 00:30:21.380 of our past achievement and the key to progress yet to come. 427 00:30:22.500 --> 00:30:24.540 So from our survey of the Johns 428 00:30:24.540 --> 00:30:28.980 Manville asbestos story, and from the other major industries it so fittingly 429 00:30:28.980 --> 00:30:32.660 symbolizes, one inescapable fact becomes apparent. 430 00:30:33.420 --> 00:30:34.980 We move into the American 431 00:30:34.980 --> 00:30:39.580 future at the throttle of the most productive economic machine in all human 432 00:30:39.580 --> 00:30:44.480 history, and it is a machine that free men know how to run.