Asbestos Hill, south of Deception Bay, Ungava area, Quebec

Asbestos Hill lay in the far north of Quebec, on the Ungava peninsula near Hudson Strait, where the U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook for 1959, citing the Northern Miner of Toronto, reported that the Murray Mining Corporation "began drilling a large asbestos-bearing belt near Deception Bay."¹² The sources place it differently: the yearbooks for 1960 and 1963 put the deposit "30 miles south of Deception Bay," the yearbook for 1964 "40 miles south of Hudson Strait and 1,200 miles north of Montreal," and Asbestos, the industry's trade journal, "300 miles below the Arctic Circle."^2,3,7,13

Discovery and drilling

In December 1960 Asbestos reported that Murray Mining "announced a new, major discovery of asbestos in the Northern Ungava region."¹⁴ The yearbook for 1960 said that testing by the Quebec Department of Mines "indicated about 12 percent fiber in the ore, mainly in groups four and five," and that drilling "indicated nearly 4 million tons of asbestos ore."^13,15 For 1961 it reported "increased ore estimates to 20.1 million tons, grading 8 to 9 percent fiber, mainly in group 4," and progress "sufficient to permit the planning of a mill to produce 100,000 tons of fiber annually."⁵ In October 1961 the company's president, E. T. Donaldson, told Asbestos that it had "added 3,000,000 tons of indicated ore"; the journal said the airstrip had been made "suitable for C-46 aircraft" and a survey begun for the design of the mine, mill, townsite, power plant, road, dock and harbor.¹⁶

Asbestos Corporation takes over

The yearbook for 1962 reported that the Asbestos Corporation had taken an option on Murray Mining's "Asbestos Hill property," and the yearbook for 1964 that it "acquired the deposit" early that year.^1,3 Under the option, the 1963 yearbook said, "$1 million has been spent in exploring the deposit," and the ore reserve "was estimated at 23.8 million tons."² In 1970 the company said the orebody "has been under development by Asbestos Corporation since 1962," with $26,000,000 invested, "including the cost of acquisition."⁸

In 1965 the company was to begin "preliminary preparation at the dock site and work on the road."¹⁷ The sources give different reasons for the stop that followed: the company's president wrote that "circumstances beyond our Company's control have forced a postponement"; the company's 1967 report put the project "on a care and maintenance basis," with plans for "a mine and mill of an initial capacity of 100,000 tons of asbestos per annum" suspended; a 1970 company account blamed "escalation of capital costs and the uncertainty caused by the recommendations of the Carter Commission concerning mine taxation"; and the yearbook for 1970 said the mine had "been shut down for 3 years because of high milling costs."^6,8,10,18 Reserves stood at 18,738,000 tons in the company's figures for 1967, 1968 and 1969, while the 1970 yearbook gave "20 million tons of proven ore reserves."^6,10,19,20

The plan: an Arctic mine and a German mill

In June 1970 the company's president, W. W. Oughtred, "announced the decision had been made to proceed."⁸ The yearbook described the plan "to mine just 7 months a year, do only partial milling and drying at mine-site, and complete the processing at a new plant under construction at Nordenham, West Germany."¹⁰ The planned figures varied: Asbestos projected "1.2 million tons of ore per year" in December 1970; the company said "1,000,000 tons of ore per operating year of seven months" in 1971; and the journal later said the mine was "expected to annually produce 300,000 tons of ungraded fiber," to become "100,000 tons of finished fiber, mostly in Groups 4 and 5."^9,21,22 The yearbook for 1971 said the company was preparing the property "for full production in 1972."¹¹

Production

The sources date the start a little differently: Asbestos reported in December 1972 that the project "started into the tune-up stage in May, following a construction period of two years and an expenditure of about $65 million," with "the 5000-ton-per-day mill"; the company's president wrote that the mine "came into production in August" and that the first shipment to Nordenham "was made in September."^23,24,25,26

Asbestos reported that in 1974 the mine "operated as planned," with ungraded fiber "increased 42% over 1973" and shipments up 48%; the yearbook for 1975 gave the same increases as 1975 over 1974.^4,27 The company said that in 1975 the mine "operated at the highest level since it began operating in 1972," with average daily asbestos production of "478 in 1975 against 349 in 1974."²⁸ At 300,000 tons per annum, the journal said, reserves were "presently rated to last 10-12 years."⁴

The company reported 223,700 tons of ungraded fiber in 1976, against 276,400 in 1975, because "low-grade ore had to be treated due to difficulties in the open pit caused by the severe shortage of experienced drillers and some pit wall instability."²⁹ For 1977 Asbestos reported 258,300 tons of ungraded fiber, "for a fiber yield of 79,300 tons," and said the operation "employs 140 people and is capable of producing 100,000 tons per annum."^30,31 The company said that in 1977 "large filter plants were installed in the mill and on the dryer exhaust gases resulting in substantial dust reduction," and that operations "were reduced to a three-day week in early October due to a decline in demand."³² For 1979 the company reported "7.1-million tons of rock" mined to produce "262,800 tons of upgraded fiber (218,200 tons in 1978) and 92,000 tons of asbestos (71,700 tons in 1978)," and the journal said the mine produced "1.5-million tons of ore per year, at a waste-to-ore ratio of 3.5:1," of "basically Group 4 fiber."^33,34

Going underground, and the end of the record

The company's reserve figures were "18.2 million tons" for 1972, 18,185,000 tons for year-end 1977, "17.4-million tons" for 1978 and 20,838,000 tons for 1979.^25,32,33,35 In December 1976 Asbestos reported "an underground exploration program," and in December 1978 that the program "begun at Asbestos Hill in 1975" was complete and that "open pit ore at Asbestos Hill will be exhausted in about six years."^30,36 By 1979 the journal wrote that the mine's life "has been extended for many years through the continued confirmation of feasible underground mining," while the company said "the start-up of the underground mine is under active consideration," the decision postponed because there was "sufficient open pit ore."^33,34,37,38 The yearbook for 1983, citing Industrial Minerals, said that "according to a published report, Asbestos Corp. planned to close its Asbestos Hill Mine for 1 year," which "might cause a temporary shutdown" of the Nordenham mill, and the yearbook for 1985 that the company "had devalued the book value of its Asbestos Hill Mine."^39,40

The documents report this mine producing asbestos fiber for sale.³⁰

Output the documents report

Figures as printed, in the units each document uses (short tons before about 1990, metric tons after, in most U.S. chapters). Some are a year's output, some a daily rate or a capacity, some a company's total rather than this mine's alone; the statement for that year below says which.

Year	Figure	Source
1970	100,000 tons of fiber per year (planned)	7
1971	300,000 tons per year of ore	11
1972	1,200,000 tons of ore per year (projected)	9
1972	1,000,000 tons of ore per seven-month year (planned)	21
1972	300,000 tons of ungraded fiber per year (expected)	22
1974	300,000 tons per annum	4
1975	478 short tons of asbestos produced per day (average)	28
1976	223,700 tons of ungraded fiber	29
1977	258,300 tons of ungraded fiber	30
1978	93,000 tons of fiber	30
1979	1,500,000 tons of ore per year	34
1979	92,000 tons of asbestos	33
1980	263,000 tons of Group 4 ungraded fiber	38

Year by year

Every statement about this mine in the documents, in each document's own words, by the year it is about.

1959

• Exploration: “began drilling a large asbestos-bearing belt near Deception Bay in the Ungava region” (Murray Mining Corp.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 6¹²
• Exploration: “Encouraging results were reported” (Murray Mining Corp.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 6¹²

1960

• Exploration: “Murray Mining Corporation Limited announced a new, major discovery of asbestos in the Northern Ungava region of Quebec” (Murray Mining Corporation Limited), p. 10¹⁴
• Reserves: “indicated nearly 4 million tons of asbestos ore” (Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.), p. 7¹³
• Exploration: “Testing by the Quebec Department of Mines indicated about 12 percent fiber in the ore, mainly in groups four and five” (Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.), p. 8¹³
• Exploration: “Murray Mining Corporation Limited continued exploration of a deposit near Deception Bay in the Ungava Bay area ... Further diamond drilling in 1960 added to the company's estimate of possible ore reserves” (Murray Mining Corporation Limited), as reported by Canadian Mining Journal, p. 18¹⁵

1961

• Exploration: “a complete final engineering economic survey for production purposes is underway ... to begin design of mine, mill townsite, power plant, access road, dock, and harbor facilities” (Murray Mining Corporation Limited), p. 16¹⁶
• Reserves: “the company has added 3,000,000 tons of indicated ore to its Ungava asbestos deposit” (Murray Mining Corporation Limited), said by E. T. Donaldson, President, Murray Mining Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 16¹⁶
• Description: “The Company has now made its airstrip suitable for C-46 aircraft and is presently extending it to a length satisfactory for larger DC-4 aircraft” (Murray Mining Corporation Limited), p. 16¹⁶
• Description: “the ore body outlined was 2,200 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 465 feet or more deep” (Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 9⁵
• Mill: “Progress was sufficient to permit the planning of a mill to produce 100,000 tons of fiber annually” (Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 9⁵
• Reserves: “increased ore estimates to 20.1 million tons, grading 8 to 9 percent fiber” (Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 9⁵

1962

• Ownership: “An option was taken by Asbestos Corporation Ltd. on the Murray Mining Corp. Ltd., Asbestos Hill property” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 7¹
• Exploration: “Exploration and plans for development continued” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 7¹
• Exploration: “has been under development by Asbestos Corporation since 1962” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 4⁸

1963

• Reserves: “The ore reserve was estimated at 23.8 million tons with additional reserves indicated” (Asbestos Corporation, Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 8²
• Ownership: “was held under option by the Asbestos Corporation, Ltd.” (Asbestos Corporation, Ltd.), as reported by Bank of Nova Scotia (Toronto), p. 7²
• Exploration: “discovered by the Murray Mining Corp.” (Murray Mining Corp.), p. 7²
• Exploration: “$1 million has been spent in exploring the deposit and the Asbestos Corporation planned to spend an additional $500,000 up to April 1, 1964” (Asbestos Corporation, Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner (Toronto), p. 7²
• Exploration: “further work was carried out on the Asbestos Hill property as well as general exploratory work in that vicinity” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 28⁴¹

1964

• Description: “located 40 miles south of Hudson Strait and 1,200 miles north of Montreal” (Asbestos Corp., Ltd.), as reported by Engineering and Mining Journal, p. 6³
• Ownership: “acquired the deposit of Murray Mining Corp., Ltd., in northern Ungava” (Asbestos Corp., Ltd.), as reported by Engineering and Mining Journal, p. 6³

1965

• Exploration: “preliminary preparation at the dock site and work on the road during 1965 for eventual construction of a plant” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), p. 23¹⁷

1967

• Idle: “circumstances beyond our Company's control have forced a postponement of the development of our Asbestos Hill Project in Ungava” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 3¹⁸
• Idle: “The Asbestos Hill Project has been on a care and maintenance basis” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 22⁶
• Mill: “envisaged a mine and mill of an initial capacity of 100,000 tons of asbestos per annum was suspended in 1967” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 23⁶
• Idle: “In 1967 ... forced the company to postpone work on the project” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 4⁸
• Reserves: “Asbestos Hill—18,738,000” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 22⁶

1968

• Reserves: “Asbestos Hill | 18,738 (thousand short tons)” (The Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), as reported by Asbestos Corporation Ltd. Annual Report, p. 9¹⁹

1969

• Reserves: “Asbestos Hill | 18,738 (thousand short tons)” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), as reported by Asbestos Corporation Ltd. Annual Report, p. 8²⁰

1970

• Output: “Operations that would produce 100,000 tons of fiber annually, all for export, are planned” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), p. 22⁷
• Opened: “announced the decision had been made to proceed with the company's Asbestos Hill Project” (Asbestos Corporation Limited), said by Asbestos Corporation Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 4⁸
• Mill: “the crushing, drying and milling plant will be designed to operate seven months a year” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 18⁹
• Mill: “mine just 7 months a year, do only partial milling and drying at mine-site, and complete the processing at a new plant under construction at Nordenham, West Germany” (The Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 8¹⁰
• Description: “a mine within 300 miles of the arctic circle” (The Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 8¹⁰
• Idle: “has been shut down for 3 years because of high milling costs” (The Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 8¹⁰
• Reserves: “20 million tons of proven ore reserves” (The Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 8¹⁰

1971

• Opened: “preparing their Ungava Peninsula property for full production in 1972” (Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 9¹¹
• Output: “shipping 300,000 tons per year of ore to West Germany to produce 100,000 tons per year of fibers” (Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 9¹¹

1972

• Output: “Projected rate of production is 1.2 million tons of ore per year” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 18⁹
• Output: “at the rate of 1,000,000 tons of ore per operating year of seven months” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 48²¹
• Output: “is expected to annually produce 300,000 tons of ungraded fiber” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 8²²
• Mill: “the 5000-ton-per-day mill” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 20²³
• Description: “the tailings from the Nordenheim plant are being used to make a marketable nonfired brick” (Asbestos Corp.), p. 10²⁶
• Opened: “The Asbestos Corp's new mine on the Ungava Peninsula went into production” (Asbestos Corp.), p. 9²⁶
• Reserves: “18.2 million tons at Asbestos Hill ... (The full extent of ore reserves at Asbestos Hill has yet to be determined.)” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34²⁵
• Opened: “bringing into operation the Asbestos Hill Mine at Ungava; The first shipment of ungraded fiber from the Asbestos Hill Mine arrived at the Nordenham, West Germany, plant in late September” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34²⁵
• Opened: “The project started into the tune-up stage in May” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 20²³
• Opened: “the new Asbestos Hill Mine in far Northern Quebec came into production in August” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 4²⁴

1974

• Output: “Production of ungraded fiber increased 42% over 1973; current rate of production (300,000 tons per annum)” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30⁴

1975

• Reserves: “reserves at Asbestos Hill are presently rated to last 10-12 years” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30⁴
• Worked: “the Asbestos Hill Mine at Putuniq, Ungava, in Northern Quebec” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30⁴
• Output: “It produced 42% more fiber concentrate than in 1974 and shipped 48% more of the concentrate to the mill at Nordenham, West Germany” (Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 9²⁷
• Worked: “was not bothered by the Thetford Mines misfortunes” (Asbestos Corp. Ltd.), p. 9²⁷
• Output: “operated at the highest level since it began operating in 1972; average daily tonnage of rock mined was 21,798 short tons in 1975 ... and of asbestos produced was 478 in 1975 against 349 in 1974” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 36²⁸

1976

• Exploration: “An underground exploration program is underway at Asbestos Hill” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30³⁶
• Output: “produced 223,700 tons of ungraded fiber compared with 276,400 tons in 1975. Low-grade ore had to be treated due to difficulties in the open pit” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 40²⁹

1977

• Workforce: “This operation employs 140 people and is capable of producing 100,000 tons per annum” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 27³¹
• Dust and health: “large filter plants were installed in the mill and on the dryer exhaust gases resulting in substantial dust reduction” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34³²
• Output: “produced 258,300 tons of ungraded fiber in 1977 ... for a fiber yield of 79,300 tons” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30³⁰
• Idle: “Operations were reduced to a three-day week in early October due to a decline in demand” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34³²
• Reserves: “18,185,000 tons at Asbestos Hill” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34³²

1978

• Output: “Some 300,000 tons of the ore from Asbestos Hill yields about 93,000 tons of fiber” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 22³⁰
• Reserves: “ACL completed its underground exploration program begun at Asbestos Hill in 1975; Open pit ore at Asbestos Hill will be exhausted in about six years” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 30³⁰
• Exploration: “evaluating the possibility of going underground at the Asbestos Hill property on the Ungava Peninsula” (Asbestos Corp.), p. 11³⁷
• Idle: “the commencement of the regular Asbestos Hill mid-winter shut-down was advanced from November to late September” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 46⁴²
• Reserves: “17.4-million tons are at Asbestos Hill” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 46³⁵

1979

• Output: “The mine produces 1.5-million tons of ore per year, at a waste-to-ore ratio of 3.5:1. The orebody is comprised basically of Group 4 fiber” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 28³⁴
• Reserves: “The life of the Asbestos Hill Mine ... has been extended for many years through the continued confirmation of feasible underground mining in the Northern Quebec permafrost” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 28³⁴
• Output: “crushed to produce 262,800 tons of upgraded fiber (218,200 tons in 1978) and 92,000 tons of asbestos (71,700 tons in 1978)” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 39³³
• Reserves: “Asbestos Hill 20,838,000 tons; the start-up of the underground mine is under active consideration” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), said by Asbestos Corporation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 39³³

1980

• Output: “a primary mill which annually produces about 263,000 tons of Group 4 ungraded fiber; Some 92,000 tons of finished fiber are processed there” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 18³⁸
• Exploration: “Asbestos Corporation has been evaluating the possibility of going underground at Asbestos Hill” (Asbestos Corporation Ltd.), p. 18³⁸

1983

• Idle: “Asbestos Corp. planned to close its Asbestos Hill Mine for 1 year” (Asbestos Corp.), as reported by Industrial Minerals (London), p. 5³⁹
• Mill: “Asbestos Corp.'s mill in Nordenham, Federal Republic of Germany, which currently processes the concentrated ore” (Asbestos Corp.), as reported by Industrial Minerals (London), p. 5³⁹

1985

• Description: “Asbestos Corp. had devalued the book value of its Asbestos Hill Mine in northern Quebec” (Asbestos Corp.), as reported by Industrial Minerals (London), p. 6⁴⁰

Other names

Documents call this mine “Asbestos Hill property”, “Asbestos Hill deposit”, “Asbestos Hill”, “Asbestos Hill on the Ungava peninsula”, “Ungava Peninsula property”, “Asbestos Hill mine”, “Asbestos Hill Mine”, “Ungava asbestos deposit”, “Asbestos Hill Project”, “Puturniq”, “Putuniq”, “asbestos-bearing belt near Deception Bay”, “Ungava deposit on Hudson Strait, 30 miles south of Deception Bay”, “Ungava deposit of Murray Mining Corp., Ltd.”.

See also

• Asbestos Corporation Ltd.: the company's history, documents, people, products and plants
• All asbestos mines

References

1. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1962 (January 1, 1963), p. 7.
2. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1963 (January 1, 1964), pp. 7–8.
3. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1964 (January 1, 1965), p. 6.
4. Asbestos Magazine, 1975, December 1975 (December 1, 1975), p. 30.
5. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1961 (January 1, 1962), p. 9.
6. Asbestos Magazine, 1968, May 1968 (May 1, 1968), pp. 22–23.
7. Asbestos Magazine, 1969, December 1969 (December 1, 1969), p. 22.
8. Asbestos Magazine, 1970, June 1970 (June 1, 1970), p. 4.
9. Asbestos Magazine, 1970, December 1970 (December 1, 1970), p. 18.
10. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1970 (January 1, 1971), p. 8.
11. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1971 (January 1, 1972), p. 9.
12. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1959 (January 1, 1960), p. 6.
13. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1960 (January 1, 1961), pp. 7–8.
14. Asbestos Magazine, 1960, December 1960 (December 1, 1960), p. 10.
15. Asbestos Magazine, 1961, April 1961 (April 1, 1961), p. 18.
16. Asbestos Magazine, 1961, October 1961 (October 1, 1961), p. 16.
17. Asbestos Magazine, 1965, June 1965 (June 1, 1965), p. 23.
18. Asbestos Magazine, 1968, January 1968 (January 1, 1968), p. 3.
19. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1968 (January 1, 1969), p. 9.
20. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1969 (January 1, 1970), p. 8.
21. Asbestos Magazine, 1971, August 1971 (August 1, 1971), p. 48.
22. Asbestos Magazine, 1971, December 1971 (December 1, 1971), p. 8.
23. Asbestos Magazine, 1972, December 1972 (December 1, 1972), p. 20.
24. Asbestos Magazine, 1973, January 1973 (January 1, 1973), p. 4.
25. Asbestos Magazine, 1973, May 1973 (May 1, 1973), p. 34.
26. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1972 (January 1, 1973), pp. 9–10.
27. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1975 (January 1, 1976), p. 9.
28. Asbestos Magazine, 1976, May 1976 (May 1, 1976), p. 36.
29. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, May 1977 (May 1, 1977), p. 40.
30. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, December 1978 (December 1, 1978), pp. 22, 30.
31. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, December 1977 (December 1, 1977), p. 27.
32. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, May 1978 (May 1, 1978), p. 34.
33. Asbestos Magazine, 1980, July 1980 (July 1, 1980), p. 39.
34. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, December 1979 (December 1, 1979), p. 28.
35. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, June 1979 (June 1, 1979), p. 46.
36. Asbestos Magazine, 1976, December 1976 (December 1, 1976), p. 30.
37. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1978–79 (January 1, 1980), p. 11.
38. Asbestos Magazine, 1981, January 1981 (January 1, 1981), p. 18.
39. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1983 (January 1, 1984), p. 5.
40. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1985 (January 1, 1986), p. 6.
41. Asbestos Magazine, 1964, April 1964 (April 1, 1964), p. 28.
42. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, October 1978 (October 1, 1978), p. 46.