Carey Canadian Mines, East Broughton, Quebec

The Carey mine was a chrysotile mine near East Broughton, Quebec, worked from 1958 by Carey-Canadian Mines, a subsidiary of the Philip Carey Manufacturing Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, according to Asbestos, the industry's trade journal.^2,11 Before it, in 1951, a table of mill capacities reprinted in Asbestos from the U.S. government's Mineral Trade Notes listed "Quebec Asbestos (Carey)" in the East Broughton district at "1,500" tons of rock a day.⁵ The U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook for 1955 reported that exploration by Quebec Asbestos Corp. had "uncovered a large new deposit a few miles from its old operation near East Broughton," and that "the work of developing the deposit and erecting a new mill was begun in 1955."¹ The same report said the mill "will be operated as Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd., a subsidiary of Philip Cary Manufacturing Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio."¹ The Philip Carey company's own annual report, as Asbestos printed it in 1960, dated the development's beginning to 1954.⁶

Opening

In 1957 Asbestos reported that the company had "completed stripping operations of their new ore body in Broughton Township west of Tring Junction," that "a large body of good quality slip fibre bearing rock has been indicated," and that "a 2,000 ton per day mill is under construction with initial production planned for mid 1957."⁷ The Minerals Yearbook for 1957 described "a new deposit 3 miles eastward" under development, with a new mill "expected to be operated in 1958."⁸ In April 1958 the trade journal wrote that Carey-Canadian Mines "is replacing the existing mine and mill of Quebec Asbestos Corp. at East Broughton, 15 miles north of Thetford Mines," that the new mine "will have a capacity of 2,000 to 2,500 tons per day," and that the project's capital cost "is $8 million."² A 1959 review of the year in Asbestos says that Carey-Canadian Mines Limited "entered into production July 1st" of 1958, with "mine and mill at Iring Junction" (as printed) and a mill capacity of "2,000 tons of ore per day."¹² The 1958 yearbook, drawing on the Canadian Mining Journal, placed the new mill "near Thetford Mines in the Eastern Township."⁹

Pits and mill

The Philip Carey company reported that in 1959 "additional Carey-mined fibre was used in the Company's United States and Canadian manufacturing plants," and that in 1964 new facilities at the mine and mill "resulted in improved quality and increased efficiency."^6,13 In 1969 Asbestos described "two pits on a three-shift, six-day week," with "their entire 4500 ton per day production of asbestos ore, a blend from the two pits," loaded by a tractor shovel into "37-ton and 50-ton rear-dump hauling units."¹⁴ The sources give the mill's yearly capacity as "about 200,000 short tons of QAMA Grades 3-8" in 1975 and 1976 (Asbestos) and as "230,000" tons in 1977 (the Minerals Yearbook and Asbestos).^15,16,17,18 In 1977 the trade journal said the mine produced "short-fibered Chrysotile, particularly Grade 7."¹⁸

In December 1978 Asbestos reported that "a new open pit, A, is under development six miles from the existing mining facilities," which "when worked at full capacity" would "provide 2,000 tons of ore per day," while "another pit, C, daily provides 4,000 to 5,000 tons of ore."¹⁹ The company wrote in January 1979 that it was "opening up our A zone pit which will replace our B zone, which has been exhausted," and that a new FMC dryer would give "the additional capacity which we foresee we will need for the next twenty years."²⁰ The trade journal gave ore reserves in 1978 as "45-million tons of proven ore plus 75-million tons of probable and possible ore."¹⁹

Owners and markets

By 1975 Asbestos described Carey-Canadian Mines as "a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jim Walter Corporation and the third largest asbestos producer in North America."¹⁵ In 1979, the trade journal reported, Jim Walter Corporation of Tampa, Florida, combined Carey-Canadian Mines and Jim Walter Building Products "under the new corporate name of Carey Canada Inc."¹¹ The same report said the mine produced "some 200,000 tons of asbestos fiber each year, exporting 50% of the production to the United States," with the rest "sold in over 45 countries around the world."¹¹ For 1974 Asbestos reported that "sales of asbestos outside the United States amounted to 44% of total output."¹⁵ The 1986 yearbook said Carey Canada made "chrysotile grades 4D to 7W for asphalt compounds, friction materials, asbestos paper, vinyl asbestos tile, gaskets, phenolic compounds, and caulking compounds," and marketed asbestos "primarily in North America and Asia."¹⁰

The people

In March 1975, the yearbook reported, "the 3,500 employees of the four companies producing asbestos in the Thetford Mines area," Carey-Canadian among them, "struck for higher wages and better working conditions," and they "remained on strike for 7 months."²¹ Asbestos wrote that August that the strike "is now in its fifth month."²² In 1977 the yearbook and the trade journal both said the company employed 550 people.^17,18 Asbestos listed "work stoppages at Advocate Mines, Carey-Canadian Mines and Cassiar" among the causes of tight fiber supply in 1978, and reported that in August 1980 "some 100 workers were laid off."^23,24

Dust

In 1973 Asbestos reported that the company "installed a system at its mill to enable the floors to be cleaned by vacuum suction, thereby removing the dust instead of merely moving it from place to place."²⁵ The yearbook said that in 1977 it "completed a $3 million air purification plant," and the company wrote that it was "well along in our improvement program for dust control."^17,26 Asbestos reported in 1979 that Carey Canada was "spending some $11-million in 1979 and 1980 to upgrade environmental controls at the mine."²⁷

Closing

The Minerals Yearbook for 1986 reports that Carey Canada Inc., "a subsidiary of the Jim Walter Corp., permanently closed its chrysotile mine in the Beauce Mountains, near East Broughton," and that "economic conditions made the mine unprofitable."¹⁰

The documents report this mine producing asbestos fiber for sale.¹¹

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Location

Output the documents report

Figures as printed, in the units each document uses (short tons before about 1990, metric tons after, in most U.S. chapters). Some are a year's output, some a daily rate or a capacity, some a company's total rather than this mine's alone; the statement for that year below says which.

Year	Figure	Source
1969	4,500 tons of ore per day	14
1974	200,000 short tons per year (capacity)	3
1979	200,000 tons of asbestos fiber each year	11

Year by year

Every statement about this mine in the documents, in each document's own words, by the year it is about.

1951

• Mill: “Quebec Asbestos (Carey) 1,500 [daily rock tonnage]” (Quebec Asbestos (Carey)), as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 50⁵

1954

• Opened: “The completion of this development, which was begun in 1954, marked a major forward step” (The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company), said by The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 59⁶

1955

• Exploration: “uncovered a large new deposit a few miles from its old operation near East Broughton” (Quebec Asbestos Corp.), as reported by Northern Miner, p. 12¹
• Mill: “The work of developing the deposit and erecting a new mill was begun in 1955” (Quebec Asbestos Corp.), as reported by Northern Miner, p. 12¹
• Ownership: “The mill will be operated as Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd., a subsidiary of Philip Cary Manufacturing Co.” (Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd.), as reported by Northern Miner, p. 12¹

1956

• Mill: “A 2,000 ton per day mill is under construction with initial production planned for mid 1957” (Canadian Carey Mines, Ltd.), p. 16⁷
• Reserves: “A large body of good quality slip fibre bearing rock has been indicated” (Canadian Carey Mines, Ltd.), p. 16⁷
• Exploration: “completed stripping operations of their new ore body in Broughton Township west of Tring Junction” (Canadian Carey Mines, Ltd.), p. 14⁷

1957

• Exploration: “A new deposit 3 miles eastward was under development”, p. 8⁸

1958

• Mill: “a new mill on this property was expected to be operated in 1958 by the Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 8⁸
• Opened: “Carey-Canadian Mines is replacing the existing mine and mill of Quebec Asbestos Corp. at East Broughton, 15 miles north of Thetford Mines” (Carey-Canadian Mines), p. 6²
• Mill: “The new Carey mine will have a capacity of 2,000 to 2,500 tons per day. Capital cost of the project ... is $8 million” (Carey-Canadian Mines), p. 6²
• Ownership: “Both Carey Canadian and Quebec-Asbestos are subsidiaries of the Philip Carey Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, Ohio” (Philip Carey Manufacturing Co.), p. 6²
• Exploration: “Carey Canadian Mines Ltd., Broughton Township, Beauce County, 2,000 ton mill” (Carey Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 8²⁸
• Opened: “were reported to have started production at their new asbestos mills near Thetford Mines” (Carey-Canadian Mines), as reported by Canadian Mining Journal, p. 9⁹
• Mill: “with mine and mill at Iring Junction ... This producer replaces Quebec Asbestos Corporation Limited. The mill capacity is 2,000 tons of ore per day” (Carey-Canadian Mines Limited), p. 22¹²
• Opened: “Carey has been mining its present asbestos orebody at East Broughton, Quebec, since 1958” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 34¹¹
• Opened: “Carey-Canadian Mines Limited entered into production July 1st” (Carey-Canadian Mines Limited), p. 22¹²

1959

• Buyers: “additional Carey-mined fibre was used in the Company's United States and Canadian manufacturing plants for new products” (The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company), said by The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 59⁶

1964

• Mill: “facilities were provided at the asbestos mine and mill ... which resulted in improved quality and increased efficiency” (Carey-Canadian Mines Limited), said by The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 23¹³

1969

• Description: “They operate two pits on a three-shift, six-day week” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Limited), p. 4¹⁴
• Output: “Their entire 4500 ton per day production of asbestos ore, a blend from the two pits” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Limited), p. 4¹⁴

1973

• Dust and health: “installed a system at its mill to enable the floors to be cleaned by vacuum suction, thereby removing the dust” (Carey-Canadian Mines), as reported by Asbestos Producer, p. 34²⁵

1974

• Ownership: “Jim Walter Corp | Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd | 200,000” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd), as reported by Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines, The Asbestos Products Manufacturing Industry, EPA-230/1-73-001, p. 8³
• Output: “Fiber-producing capacity 200,000 (short tons per year)” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd), as reported by Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines, The Asbestos Products Manufacturing Industry, EPA-230/1-73-001, p. 8³
• Buyers: “Sales of asbestos outside the United States amounted to 44% of total output” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 31¹⁵

1975

• Idle: “the strike of asbestos workers at Thetford Mines ... is now in its fifth month; The five stricken companies are ... Carey-Canadian Mines” (Carey-Canadian Mines), p. 40²²
• Mill: “operates an asbestos mine and mill at East Broughton, Quebec. Annual mill capacity is about 200,000 short tons of QAMA Grades 3-8” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 31¹⁵
• Idle: “remained on strike for 7 months” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 9²¹
• Workforce: “the 3,500 employees of the four companies producing asbestos in the Thetford Mines area struck” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 9²¹

1976

• Mill: “runs a Chrysotile mine and mill at East Broughton, Quebec. Annual mill capacity is about 200,000 short tons of QAMA Grades 3-8” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 31¹⁶
• Ownership: “Jim Walter Corp -> Cary Canadian Mines Ltd. (100)” (Jim Walter Corp), p. 6⁴

1977

• Dust and health: “Improvement in its open-pit operation and a $3-million air purification program have just been completed” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 28¹⁸
• Workforce: “The company employs 550 people and its annual production capacity is 230,000 tons” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 28¹⁸
• Dust and health: “completed a $3 million air purification plant” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 9¹⁷
• Mill: “230,000-ton-per-year-capacity mill” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 9¹⁷
• Dust and health: “We are well along in our improvement program for dust control; If you thought we were clean before you should see us now” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), said by Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd., p. 6²⁶
• Workforce: “employed 550 people at its open pit mine and mill” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 9¹⁷
• Description: “open pit mine” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 9¹⁷

1978

• Reserves: “Ore reserves at Carey-Canadian are 45-million tons of proven ore plus 75-million tons of probable and possible ore” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 32¹⁹
• Opened: “A new open pit, A, is under development six miles from the existing mining facilities; this third pit will provide 2,000 tons of ore per day” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 32¹⁹
• Mill: “Running changes at the mill have been successful and production capacity of medium length fibers has been increased significantly” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 32¹⁹
• Dust and health: “Because of its dust control improvement program, Carey-Canadian is confident it will meet the latest environmental mandates” (Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.), p. 30¹⁹
• Mill: “This new FMC dryer will give us the additional capacity which we foresee we will need for the next twenty years” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), said by Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd., p. 8²⁰
• Opened: “At the present time we are opening up our A zone pit which will replace our B zone, which has been exhausted” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), said by Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd., p. 8²⁰
• Idle: “work stoppages at Advocate Mines, Carey-Canadian Mines and Cassiar” (Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd.), p. 20²³

1979

• Dust and health: “Carey Canada is spending some $11-million in 1979 and 1980 to upgrade environmental controls at the mine” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 30²⁷
• Output: “It produces some 200,000 tons of asbestos fiber each year, exporting 50% of the production to the United States” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 34¹¹
• Ownership: “has amalgamated two Canadian Divisions—Carey-Canadian Mines and Jim Walter Building Products—under the new corporate name of Carey Canada Inc.” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 34¹¹
• Dust and health: “This past year we completed our large environmental capitalization program” (Carey Canada Inc.), said by Carey Canada Inc., p. 8²⁹

1980

• Idle: “In August, some 100 workers were laid off and reports indicated they would not return to work until after Christmas” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 22²⁴

1986

• Buyers: “The company marketed asbestos primarily in North America and Asia” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰
• Closed: “permanently closed its chrysotile mine in the Beauce Mountains, near East Broughton, Quebec” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰
• Ownership: “Carey Canada Inc., a subsidiary of the Jim Walter Corp.” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰
• Description: “Economic conditions made the mine unprofitable” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰
• Buyers: “chrysotile grades 4D to 7W for asphalt compounds, friction materials, asbestos paper, vinyl asbestos tile, gaskets, phenolic compounds, and caulking compounds” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰
• Fiber: “its chrysotile mine” (Carey Canada Inc.), p. 6¹⁰

In court opinions

Court opinions in our case-law library that name this mine, by how they concern it. A search found every one that names the mine and an AI reader sorted them; the quotation, checked word for word against the text, shows where. Those that name the mine only in passing or in a reference list are left out.

The mine’s fiber in products (10)

• Armanious v. 3M Co. (2014): “Kentile purchased raw asbestos UCC as well as Johns-Manville Corp., Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd., Asbestos Corporation of America, National Gypsum Co.”
• Casey v. Kaiser Gypsum Co. Inc. (2016): “In response, Carey-Canadian Asbestos wrote, regarding the use and application of joint compounds, that one should "[a]void creation of visible dust when mixing dry materials with water,"”
• Izell v. Union Carbide Corp. (2014): “percent of the asbestos Kelly-Moore purchased for its Paco Textures division — the division that manufactured the company's asbestos-containing products — while Carey Canadian supplied 72 percent and Johns-Manville supplied 20 percent.”
• Izell v. Union Carbide Corporation (2014): “Union Carbide supplied only 8 percent of the asbestos Kelly-Moore purchased for its Paco Textures division—the division that manufactured the company's asbestos containing products—while Carey Canadian supplied 72 percent”
• Izell v. Union Carbide Corporation (2014): “Union Carbide supplied only 8 percent of the asbestos Kelly-Moore purchased for its Paco Textures division—the division that manufactured the company's asbestos containing products—while Carey Canadian supplied 72 percent”
• Jurich v. Garlock, Inc. (2001): “We also find instructive the case of Covalt v. Carey Canada, Inc., 543 N.E.2d 382 (Ind.1989). There, the defendants delivered raw asbestos to the plaintiff's employer”
• McKinney v. Hobart Bros. Co. (2018): “defendant believed it had bought the chrysotile asbestos it had used in its welding rods from Johns Manville Corporation or Carey Canadian Mines.”
• Neal v. Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd. (1982): “because they allegedly supplied asbestos fiber to the Plymouth Meeting manufacturing plant during the time periods in which plaintiffs worked at that plant — Asbestos Corporation Limited ("Asbestos Corp."); Bell Asbestos Mines, Limited ("Bell Asbestos"); Carey-Canadian Mines, Limited”
• Sears Roebuck and Co. v. Noppert (1999): “Covalt, supra, is an asbestos exposure case in which the plaintiff sued the company supplying the raw asbestos, with which he worked, to his employer.”
• TH Agriculture and Nutrition, LLC. v. Akaiwa (2007): “on behalf of Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd. ("Carey"), THCC did distribute to portions of the United States various grades of chrysotile asbestos fibers.”

In medical studies

Medical studies in our research library that name this mine, by how they concern it. A search found every one that names the mine and an AI reader sorted them; the quotation, checked word for word against the text, shows where. Those that name the mine only in passing or in a reference list are left out.

Studies of the mine’s workers (2)

• Egilman D 2011: A case of occupational peritoneal mesothelioma from exposure to tremolite-free chrysotile in Quebec, Canada: A black swan case: “In 1958, this mine was closed, and he moved to the second Carey mine where he continued in the same job”
• Stroink G 1987: A Mössbauer-effect study of autopsied lung tissue of asbestos workers: “Mossbauer spectra of lung tissue from an asbestos worker from East Broughton Mines (sample 2)”

Studies of the mine’s fiber (1)

• Barbeau C 1985: Metallic elements in crude and milled chrysotile asbestos from Quebec: “Milled fibers were obtained as commercial products of grade 3 (grade 4 for Carey Canadian mine).”

Other names

Documents call this mine “Quebec Asbestos Corp. new deposit near East Broughton”, “new deposit 3 miles eastward”, “Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd”, “Carey-Canadian Mines, Ltd.”, “Cary Canadian Mines Ltd.”, “Carey-Canadian Mines Ltd. mine”, “chrysotile mine in the Beauce Mountains”, “Canadian Carey Mines, Ltd.”, “Carey-Canadian Mines”, “Carey Canada Inc.”, “A zone pit”, “B zone”, “C zone”.

See also

• Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd.: the company's history, documents, people, products and plants
• Jim Walter Corp: the company's documents, people, products and plants
• Carey Canada Inc.: the company's documents, people, products and plants
• All asbestos mines

References

1. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1955 (January 1, 1956), p. 12.
2. Asbestos Magazine, 1958, April 1958 (April 1, 1958), p. 6.
3. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1974 (January 1, 1975), p. 8.
4. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1976 (January 1, 1977), p. 6.
5. Asbestos Magazine, 1951, April 1951 (April 1, 1951), p. 50.
6. Asbestos Magazine, 1960, April 1960 (April 1, 1960), p. 59.
7. Asbestos Magazine, 1957, April 1957 (April 1, 1957), pp. 14, 16.
8. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1957 (January 1, 1958), p. 8.
9. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1958 (January 1, 1959), p. 9.
10. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1986 (January 1, 1987), p. 6.
11. Asbestos Magazine, 1980, January 1980 (January 1, 1980), p. 34.
12. Asbestos Magazine, 1959, July 1959 (July 1, 1959), p. 22.
13. Asbestos Magazine, 1965, March 1965 (March 1, 1965), p. 23.
14. Asbestos Magazine, 1969, September 1969 (September 1, 1969), p. 4.
15. Asbestos Magazine, 1975, December 1975 (December 1, 1975), p. 31.
16. Asbestos Magazine, 1976, December 1976 (December 1, 1976), p. 31.
17. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1977 (January 1, 1978), p. 9.
18. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, December 1977 (December 1, 1977), p. 28.
19. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, December 1978 (December 1, 1978), pp. 30, 32.
20. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, January 1979 (January 1, 1979), p. 8.
21. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1975 (January 1, 1976), p. 9.
22. Asbestos Magazine, 1975, August 1975 (August 1, 1975), p. 40.
23. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, April 1979 (April 1, 1979), p. 20.
24. Asbestos Magazine, 1981, January 1981 (January 1, 1981), p. 22.
25. Asbestos Magazine, 1973, June 1973 (June 1, 1973), p. 34.
26. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, January 1978 (January 1, 1978), p. 6.
27. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, December 1979 (December 1, 1979), p. 30.
28. Asbestos Magazine, 1958, October 1958 (October 1, 1958), p. 8.
29. Asbestos Magazine, 1980, February 1980 (February 1, 1980), p. 8.