Case Report: Uterine mesothelial cyst: a report of three cases and literature review

Our plain-English summary of Case Report: Uterine mesothelial cyst: a report of three cases and literature review, by J. Huang, W. Yang, Y. Wang, et al (Frontiers in Medicine, 2026).

The study

• Authors: J. Huang, W. Yang, Y. Wang, W. Huang, D. Zhu
• Journal: Frontiers in Medicine
• Published: 2026;13:1800692
• Type of article: Case report
• Read it: PubMed · Publisher · Free full text

Abstract

Mesothelioma cysts are benign tumor-like lesions derived from mesothelial cells. They mainly affect the peritoneum of the pelvic and abdominal cavities, and are more commonly found in the mesentery and greater omentum, while they are less likely to occur in the uterus. The following is a report on the clinical data of 3 rare uterine mesothelial cysts that were treated at Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University over the past 10 years. By reviewing and analyzing the treatment processes of three patients and conducting a literature review, this study aims to explore the diagnosis and treatment methods of uterine mesothelial cysts, with the expectation of enhancing gynecologists' understanding of this disease and avoiding misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.

Copyright © 2026 Huang, Yang, Wang, Huang and Zhu.

In plain English

This article was a case report of three women treated for cysts of the uterus at Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University in China over the past 10 years, together with a literature review. The authors described mesothelial cysts as benign lesions rather than malignant tumors. The women were 42, 41 and 56 years old. Two had a pelvic mass found on routine examination, and one had four months of dull lower abdominal pain. All three had laparoscopic surgery, and the cysts, about 5 to 7 cm across, were removed completely. Pathology diagnosed a uterine mesothelial cyst in the first two women. In the third woman, the pathology report named a periuterine serous cyst and a fibroid. All three recovered well with no recurrence. The authors also found nine previously published cases through PubMed and a Chinese database. The authors concluded that these cysts are rare and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic lesions. The article did not discuss asbestos or any other environmental exposure.

We wrote this plain-English summary from the full article with the help of AI, and a second AI model checked each sentence against the article. It is not the authors' wording; the abstract and the article are their own account.

What the study did and found

• Design: Case report of three patients (case series) with a literature review
• Who was studied: Three women aged 42, 41 and 56 treated at Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China, over the past 10 years
• Exposure: No asbestos or other environmental exposure was studied or mentioned. The medical histories reported were kidney stones for over 10 years (case 1), one cesarean section (case 2), and prior uterine fibroid removal with unilateral salpingectomy (case 3). The authors noted that two of the three had prior pelvic surgery.
• Main results:
  • The authors described mesothelial cysts as benign lesions, not malignant tumors
  • Case 1 (42-year-old woman): a 7.0 cm cyst on the right fundus of the uterus was removed. Pathology showed a uterine mesothelial cyst with focal areas of active epithelial cell proliferation.
  • Case 2 (41-year-old woman with lower abdominal pain): an approximately 5 cm cystic mass on the right posterior uterine wall was removed and diagnosed as a uterine mesothelial cyst
  • Case 3 (56-year-old woman): a 6 cm multilocular cyst on the posterior uterine wall and a 2 cm fibroid were removed. The pathology report named a periuterine serous cyst and a uterine smooth muscle tumor.
  • All three patients recovered well after surgery, with no recurrence
  • The literature search found nine published cases of uterine mesothelial cysts
• The authors' conclusion: The authors concluded that these cysts are rare and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic lesions

Topics

Medical terms in this study, explained in our Lexicon: Mesothelioma, Mesothelial Cells, Peritoneum, Mesentery, Omentum, Misdiagnosis.

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• A colic mesothelial cyst, mimicking an appendicular mucocoele in an elderly patient: A case report and a literature review — H. Sekkat, J. El Hamzaoui, et al. (2024)
• A Rare Case of Multilocular Mesothelial Inclusion Cysts of the Pericardium: Diagnosis, Treatment, Follow Up, with Comprehensive Review of the Literature — A. Shadmanian, K. Patel, et al. (2025)
• Immunohistochemical evidence of the mesothelial histogenesis of a uterine adenomatoid tumor — Y. Satoh, M. Hiraguchi, et al. (1998)
• Peritoneal inclusion cyst presenting as an umbilical hernia: case report and systematic review of the literature — K. Nightingale, E. Clough, et al. (2024)

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