Bell Asbestos mine, Thetford Mines, Quebec

The Bell mine was a chrysotile mine in the town of Thetford Mines, Quebec, which in 1930 advertised itself in Asbestos, the industry's trade journal, as "miners of chrysotile asbestos."¹⁰ In 1977 the journal wrote that "the Bell Mine, which is now an underground facility, has been operating in Thetford Mines since 1877," and in 1954 it said that the Bell, King and Johnson's mines "have operated for about 75 years by sharing the same basic orebody."^1,5

Owners

The sources tell the early ownership in different ways: a history of Bell's company, quoted in Asbestos in 1924, said that "Bell's Company also acquired important asbestos deposits at Thetford—known as the Bell Asbestos Mines," which "were afterwards acquired by an American company."¹¹ Bell's own centenary booklet, as the journal reported it in 1981, said that the Asbestos Packing Company of Boston "acquired the asbestos-bearing property in 1878 and sold it in 1888 to Bell's Asbestos Company, London," and that "ownership changed in 1906 when the mine was purchased by the Keasbey & Mattison Company."¹² In 1925 a visitor to the district wrote of "the Bell Mine, owned by the Keasbey & Mattison Company," and in 1929 the journal reported that Richard V. Mattison, having bought all the stock of both companies, "has thus become the sole owner thereof."^3,4

The U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook for 1934 reported that Turner & Newall, Ltd., of Great Britain, "has acquired controlling interest in Keasbey & Mattison Co.," which "owns the important Bell Asbestos mine in Canada"; the centenary booklet said Turner & Newall "bought K&M" in 1934 and formed Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd. in 1936.^12,13 Asbestos in 1946 and the yearbook for 1947 both said Turner & Newall owned and operated the Bell mine through a subsidiary.^14,15,16 In January 1981 Asbestos reported that in May 1980 Turner & Newall "had sold most of its Canadian asbestos interests to SNA, the Quebec government agency," including "$32.3-million for Bell Asbestos".¹⁷ The yearbook for 1986 reported that Bell, Asbestos Corporation and Lac d'Amiante du Quebec "formed a partnership, effective July 1, 1986."¹⁸

The pit years

In 1920 Asbestos wrote that George R. Smith, manager of the Bell Mine, had some years earlier sunk "an oblique tunnel from the mill down into the pit," with drifts that made it "possible for men to work all the year round."¹⁹ In 1921 Richard V. Mattison said "the Bell Mine has been closed down for the winter"; in June 1922 the journal reported that Bells had "reopened recently, day shifts only."^2,20 Keasbey & Mattison reported in 1925 that the mine was "daily turning out about 200 tons, one day running as high as 215 tons, which does not include Crudes," and a visitor that year saw a "modern and up-to-date mill, which is running both day and night shifts."^3,7 In February 1929 the journal reported that output "fell off during 1928 to the extent of about 10,000 tons."⁴ Visiting that summer, the journal's editor saw the Bell Pit, the Bell Mill and the Bell Mine Office, "with its famous fireplace built of asbestos rock."²¹

Going underground

The sources date the change to underground mining differently: the Minerals Yearbook reported for 1939 that Bell was "changing from open-pit to shaft mining" and "planning to introduce the block-caving system," and in 1944 C. V. Smith wrote in Asbestos that Bell was "preparing for underground mining."^22,23 Turner & Newall reported that "from the end of 1951 quarrying ceases at the Bell Mine," with all ore to come by "block-caving," and a year later that the changeover "to full underground mining" was complete.^24,25 The journal wrote in 1954 that "the Bell Mine remained as an openpit operation until 1951," and in 1959 that Bell had "started underground on a retreating panel system in 1951."^1,26 To reach ore under the town, Bell and its two neighbors shared the cost of moving "some 100 dwellings and business establishments, a church, utilities and railroad lines," a project Asbestos put at $5,000,000 in 1956.^1,27

In 1967 Bell awarded "a contract to Cementation Limited to sink a shaft," and Turner & Newall said that "between 1967 and 1972 almost £5,000,000 will be spent on this project."^28,29,30 In 1978 the journal called Bell "the only Canadian asbestos producer totally dependent on underground mining operations for its ore supply," and in July 1978 Bell "temporarily halted production" for two weeks of work on the No. 3 shaft.³¹ In January 1981 it reported that Bell intended to bring in "the block caving system" in two years.¹⁷

The mill and the output

A 1951 table from the U.S. government's Mineral Trade Notes, reprinted in Asbestos, gave Bell a daily rock tonnage of 1,500; the journal listed a "2,000 ton mill" in 1958 and reported a mining rate of "2,300 tons of ore per day, this being the same as in 1957."^26,32,33,34 In 1975 and 1976 it gave the mill a capacity of "some 60,000 short tons per year of QAMA Grades 1-7," and in 1977 "60,000 tons a year, mainly of Grades 3-6," with "485 people" employed.^5,35,36 After "a $10-million mill modernization program," the journal said in 1977, Bell was investing "$3.7-million" more "to increase fiber production by 28%."⁵ In 1978 it said fiber capacity would go "from the current 58,000 tons to 72,000 tons"; in 1979 it said capacity "has been increased 28% to 72,000 tons," and in 1981 it gave "77,000 short tons per year" and "600 employees."^17,31,37 The centenary booklet gave "approximately 4,100 metric tonnes of ore per day" and reserves "estimated to have a life of 25 years at an annual product output of 72,500 tonnes of fiber."¹²

Dust control

Asbestos, citing the QAMA Bulletin, reported in 1977 a "$9-million renovation, modernization and building program since 1973, aimed at optimum elimination of dust sources," whose completed projects "have resulted in a 50% decrease in the dust level."³⁸ In 1978 it reported that ventilation capacity would "increase from 90,000 cfm to 150,000 cfm," and that Bell had spent "over $28-million to modernize its facilities since the program started in 1966."^31,39

Strikes and the end

During the 1949 strike, Asbestos reported, Bell's properties "were picketed by the strikers and work at that property suspended for one week from February 19th to February 26th."⁴⁰ In 1975 the journal counted Bell among "five stricken companies" at Thetford Mines, while the Minerals Yearbook said the workers of four companies, Bell among them, "remained on strike for 7 months."^41,42 The U.S. Geological Survey's yearbook for 2007 reported that LAB Chrysotile "was planning to close its Bell underground mine in Thetford Mines."⁹

The documents report this mine producing asbestos fiber for sale.⁷

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Location

Output the documents report

Figures as printed, in the units each document uses (short tons before about 1990, metric tons after, in most U.S. chapters). Some are a year's output, some a daily rate or a capacity, some a company's total rather than this mine's alone; the statement for that year below says which.

Year	Figure	Source
1925	200 tons per day	7
1928	10,000 tons (decline)	4
1958	2,300 tons of ore per day	26
1978	16,500 tons of raw ore per week	39
1981	4,100 metric tonnes of ore per day (capacity)	12

Year by year

Every statement about this mine in the documents, in each document's own words, by the year it is about.

1877

• Opened: “The Bell Mine, which is now an underground facility, has been operating in Thetford Mines since 1877” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 27⁵

1879

• Worked: “have operated for about 75 years by sharing the same basic orebody”, p. 20¹

1921

• Idle: “the Bell Mine has been closed down for the winter” (Keasbey & Mattison Co.), said by Dr. Richard V. Mattison (Keasbey & Mattison Co.), as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 49²⁰
• Workforce: “the Bell property working but part time”, p. 19⁶

1922

• Worked: “Bells ... reopened recently, day shifts only”, p. 51²

1925

• Output: “daily turning out about 200 tons, one day running as high as 215 tons” (The Keasbey & Mattison Company), said by The Keasbey & Mattison Company, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 42⁷
• Mill: “their modern and up-to-date mill, which is running both day and night shifts” (Keasbey & Mattison Company), p. 24³
• Ownership: “the Bell Mine, owned by the Keasbey & Mattison Company” (Keasbey & Mattison Company), p. 24³

1928

• Output: “the output of which fell off during 1928 to the extent of about 10,000 tons”, p. 52⁴

1929

• Ownership: “Richard V. Mattison ... has thus become the sole owner thereof” (Richard V. Mattison), p. 52⁴
• Worked: “by April or May of this year this well-known mine will again be in normal production”, p. 52⁴
• Worked: “the Bell Mine and Mill”, p. 17²¹
• Mill: “the Bell Mill”, p. 17²¹
• Description: “the Bell Pit, that being the most accessible”, p. 17²¹

1930

• Worked: “Bell Asbestos Mines, Thetford Mines, Quebec: miners of chrysotile asbestos”, said by Bell Asbestos Mines / Arizona Asbestos Mines (advertisement), p. 11¹⁰

1933

• Ownership: “Turner & Newall, Ltd., of Great Britain, has acquired controlling interest in Keasbey & Mattison Co., of Ambler, Pa.; the latter company owns the important Bell Asbestos mine in Canada” (Keasbey & Mattison Co.), p. 3¹³

1939

• Description: “Johnson's Co. and Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., are changing from open-pit to shaft mining and are planning to introduce the block-caving system” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), p. 8²²

1942

• Worked: “BELL MINE - THETFORD MINES, P. Q.”, said by Raw Asbestos Distributors Ltd., p. 24⁴³

1943

• Worked: “Other producers are ... Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), p. 9⁴⁴

1944

• Description: “Bell Asbestos Mines ... preparing for underground mining” (Bell Asbestos Mines), said by C. V. Smith, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 6²³

1946

• Ownership: “Turner & Newall Ltd. ... own and operate ... the Bell Mine at Thetford Mines, P. Q.” (Turner & Newall Ltd.), p. 39¹⁴

1947

• Ownership: “it owns and operates ... the Bell mine in Quebec” (Turner & Newhall, Ltd.), p. 9¹⁵

1948

• Worked: “The Turner & Newall Limited organization operates” (Turner & Newall Limited), p. 42¹⁶
• Description: “fibre distributed under the mark Bells's” (Turner & Newall Limited), p. 42¹⁶

1949

• Idle: “work at that property suspended for one week from February 19th to February 26th” (Bell Asbestos Mines Limited), p. 42⁴⁰
• Worked: “operations are continuing at Bell-Asbestos Mines Ltd.” (Bell-Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 47⁴⁵

1951

• Mill: “Bell Asbestos Co. (Turner & Newall) 1,500 [daily rock tonnage]” (Bell Asbestos Co. (Turner & Newall)), as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 50³²
• Worked: “Bell Asbestos Mines (operating in the Quebec area)” (Bell Asbestos Mines), p. 7⁴⁶
• Worked: “Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., operated to capacity” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 41²⁴
• Description: “The Bell Mine remained as an openpit operation until 1951”, p. 20¹
• Description: “Bell Mine. Thetford Mines. Started underground on a retreating panel system in 1951 and all out-put produced from underground work today” (Bell Asbestos Mines Limited), p. 12²⁶
• Description: “From the end of 1951 quarrying ceases at the Bell Mine ... "block-caving" method of underground mining” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 41²⁴

1952

• Worked: “Bell Asbestos Mines” (Bell Asbestos Mines), p. 9⁴⁷
• Description: “has now completed the changeover from the quarrying method of ore recovery to full underground mining” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 54²⁵

1953

• Worked: “Bell Asbestos Mines” (Bell Asbestos Mines), p. 9⁴⁸
• Description: “a major relocation program ... clearing away of all surface establishments ... above present and planned underground workings”, p. 20¹
• Worked: “Operations at the Bell Asbestos Mines were normal during the year” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), p. 8⁴⁹

1954

• Reserves: “cost ... shared ... in proportion to the ore reserves which the project will make available to each mine” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), said by Leigh W. Bladon, manager, Relocation Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 22¹

1956

• Description: “joined in a $5,000,000 project to relocate some 100 dwellings ... to make possible complete exploitation of deposits lying beneath the town” (Bell Asbestos), p. 6²⁷
• Worked: “Their Canadian mining company, which operates the Bell Asbestos Mine at Thetford Mines, P. Q., continued to produce on a basis very near to its maximum capacity” (Turner & Newall Limited), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 52⁵⁰

1958

• Mill: “Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., Thetford Mines, 2,000 ton mill” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), p. 8³³
• Output: “maintained its mining rate at 2,300 tons of ore per day, this being the same as in 1957” (Bell Asbestos Mines Limited), p. 22²⁶

1960

• Mill: “The mill capacity ranges from 2,000 (Bell and Flintkote)”, p. 10³⁴

1964

• Fiber: “Chrysotile crudes from ... Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., Thetford mine” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), as reported by American Mineralogist, p. 10⁸

1966

• Exploration: “planning the next stage of mine development which involves sinking a new shaft” (Bell Asbestos Mines), p. 6²⁸
• Dust and health: “spent over $28-million to modernize its facilities since the program started in 1966. A considerable portion ... to improve health conditions at the work site” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³¹

1967

• Exploration: “has awarded a contract to Cementation Limited to sink a shaft at Thetford Mines” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 8²⁹
• Worked: “operated at optimum capacity and sales were well maintained” (Bell Asbestos Mines Limited), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 27³⁰
• Exploration: “Between 1967 and 1972 almost £5,000,000 will be spent on this project” (Bell Asbestos Mines Limited), said by Turner & Newall Limited, as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 27³⁰

1972

• Description: “a 48,000-square-foot storage shed, completed last year, located on the mine's waste dump” (Bell Asbestos Mines), as reported by Asbestos Producer, p. 34⁵¹

1973

• Dust and health: “a $9-million renovation, modernization and building program since 1973, aimed at optimum elimination of dust sources; Projects already completed ... have resulted in a 50% decrease in the dust level” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), as reported by QAMA Bulletin, p. 32³⁸

1974

• Mill: “capital expenditure program was continuing at the Bell Mine for the construction of an addition to the mill and improvements in environmental control equipment” (Turner & Newall Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 30³⁵

1975

• Idle: “the strike of asbestos workers at Thetford Mines ... is now in its fifth month; The five stricken companies are ... Bell Asbestos Mines” (Bell Asbestos Mines), p. 40⁴¹
• Mill: “The mill has the capacity to produce some 60,000 short tons per year of QAMA Grades 1-7” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³⁵
• Worked: “Producers of Raw Asbestos Crudes & Fibres” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), said by Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd., p. 33³⁵
• Idle: “remained on strike for 7 months” (Bell Asbestos Mines Lt.), p. 9⁴²
• Workforce: “the 3,500 employees of the four companies producing asbestos in the Thetford Mines area struck” (Bell Asbestos Mines Lt.), p. 9⁴²

1976

• Mill: “Bell's mill is capable of producing some 60,000 short tons per year of QAMA Grades 1-7 Chrysotile. A program is underway toward ... extending the mill” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³⁶
• Worked: “Producers of Raw Asbestos Crudes & Fibres” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), said by Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd., p. 35³⁶
• Ownership: “Turner and Newall -> Bell Asbestos Mines (100)” (Turner and Newall), p. 6⁵²
• Mill: “The capital expenditure program was maintained at Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd. ... principally on extensions and modernization of the mill. The Bell Mine operated profitably” (Turner & Newall Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 45⁵³

1977

• Mill: “investing an additional $3.7-million in its facilities to increase fiber production by 28%; successful completion of a $10-million mill modernization program” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 27⁵
• Workforce: “Production capacity is 60,000 tons a year, mainly of Grades 3-6. Employment is 485 people” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 27⁵
• Worked: “Producer of all grades of chrysotile asbestos fibres. We are undertaking a second century of continued service” (Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.), said by Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., p. 29⁵

1978

• Output: “Production at the Bell Mine, presently 16,500 tons of raw ore per week, is to reach 22,500 tons in January” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), as reported by QAMA Bulletin, p. 16³⁹
• Dust and health: “Part of the project is an increase in ventilation capacity ... from 90,000 cfm to 150,000 cfm” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), as reported by QAMA Bulletin, p. 16³⁹
• Description: “the only Canadian asbestos producer totally dependent on underground mining operations for its ore supply” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³¹
• Description: “substantially completed the modernization of its surface installations and is now engaged in modernizing its underground mining methods” (Turner & Newall Ltd.), said by Turner & Newall Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 46⁵⁴
• Idle: “Bell temporarily halted production in July to begin two weeks of significant work on the No. 3 shaft” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³¹

1979

• Mill: “Annual asbestos fiber production capacity will be increased from the current 58,000 tons to 72,000 tons” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³¹
• Dust and health: “an additional $15.9-million is planned between 1979 and 1981. A considerable portion of the expense has been to improve health conditions at the work site” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³⁷
• Mill: “Annual asbestos fiber production capacity has been increased 28% to 72,000 tons” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 30³⁷

1980

• Workforce: “Bell Asbestos has 600 employees; Production capacity at the underground operation is 77,000 short tons per year” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 20¹⁷
• Description: “Bell recently implemented a new method of ore extraction; the block caving system which it intends to implement in two years, primarily for ore extraction at subterranean levels below 1000 feet” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 22¹⁷
• Description: “The unique underground cafeteria is now in use 600 meters below the surface of the earth” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 20¹⁷
• Dust and health: “a general ventilation system which prevents dust emission; A quality control program for the environment ... analysis of emissions from mill chimneys” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 20¹⁷
• Mill: “Production capacity at the underground operation is 77,000 short tons per year” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 20¹⁷
• Ownership: “Turner & Newall Ltd. ... had sold most of its Canadian asbestos interests to SNA ... The transaction included $32.3-million for Bell Asbestos” (Societe Nationale de l'Amiante (SNA)), p. 20¹⁷
• Ownership: “Asbestos Packing Company ... acquired the asbestos-bearing property in 1878 and sold it in 1888 to Bell's Asbestos Company; 1906 ... Keasbey & Mattison; 1934 ... Turner & Newall; On May 19, 1980, Bell was sold ... to the Societe Nationale de l'Amiante (SNA)” (Societe Nationale de l'Amiante (SNA)), said by Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 23¹²

1981

• Output: “The now totally underground mine has a productive capacity of approximately 4,100 metric tonnes of ore per day; ore reserves ... a life of 25 years at an annual product output of 72,500 tonnes of fiber” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), said by Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd., as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 23¹²

1985

• Worked: “All four companies operated mines in the Thetford area of Quebec [Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.]” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), as reported by Industrial Minerals (London), p. 6⁵⁵
• Ownership: “signed a memorandum of intent to form a partnership [Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.]” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), as reported by Industrial Minerals (London), p. 6⁵⁵

1986

• Ownership: “formed a partnership, effective July 1, 1986 [Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.]” (Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd.), p. 6¹⁸

2007

• Closed: “planning to close its Bell underground mine in Thetford Mines, Quebec” (LAB Chrysotile Inc.), as reported by Canada.com, p. 3⁹

1920

• Description: “sinking an oblique tunnel from the mill down into the pit” (Keasbey & Mattison Co.), p. 25¹⁹
• Workforce: “making it possible for men to work all the year round”, p. 25¹⁹

1924

• Ownership: “afterwards acquired by an American company”, said by J. Alfred Fisher (Bell's United Asbestos Company), as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34¹¹
• Ownership: “Bell's Company also acquired important asbestos deposits at Thetford” (Bell's Asbestos Company), said by J. Alfred Fisher (Bell's United Asbestos Company), as reported by Asbestos (magazine), p. 34¹¹

In court opinions

Court opinions in our case-law library that name this mine, by how they concern it. A search found every one that names the mine and an AI reader sorted them; the quotation, checked word for word against the text, shows where. Those that name the mine only in passing or in a reference list are left out.

The mine’s fiber in products (1)

• Neal v. Carey Canadian Mines, Ltd. (1982): “because they allegedly supplied asbestos fiber to the Plymouth Meeting manufacturing plant during the time periods in which plaintiffs worked at that plant — Asbestos Corporation Limited ("Asbestos Corp."); Bell Asbestos Mines, Limited ("Bell Asbestos")”

In medical studies

Medical studies in our research library that name this mine, by how they concern it. A search found every one that names the mine and an AI reader sorted them; the quotation, checked word for word against the text, shows where. Those that name the mine only in passing or in a reference list are left out.

Studies of the mine’s workers (1)

• Germine M 2015: Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy of Amphibole Fibers From the Lungs of Quebec Miners: “Grids A and B were from separate samples from one worker from the mine in Thetford, and grids E and O were from 2 workers at Asbestos, Quebec, from an Area A mine, the Bell Mine”

Studies of the mine’s fiber (3)

• Barbeau C 1985: Metallic elements in crude and milled chrysotile asbestos from Quebec: “The three mines selected for this study produce more than 40% of Canadian asbestos. Jeffrey mine is located at Asbestos, Quebec, 60 km away from Bell mine at Thetford Mines”
• Langer AM 1994: Chrysotile: its occurrence and properties as variables controlling biological effects: “Our laboratory has examined chrysotile ore from Bell mine, Thetford, Quebec. Tremolite was detected, at very low concentrations, by transmission electron microscopy.”
• McCrone WC 1974: Detection and identification of asbestos by microscopical dispersion staining

Other names

Documents call this mine “Bell Asbestos mine”, “Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.”, “Bell mine”, “Bell Asbestos Mines”, “Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd., Thetford mine”, “Bell Asbestos Mines Lt.”, “Bell underground mine”, “Bell Mine”, “Bell Pit”, “Bells”.

See also

• Bell Asbestos Mines Ltd. in the Lexicon
• Keasbey & Mattison Co.: the company's history, documents, people, products and plants
• Bell Asbestos Mines, Ltd.: the company's documents, people, products and plants
• Turner and Newall: the company's history, documents, people, products and plants
• All asbestos mines

References

1. Asbestos Magazine, 1954, February 1954 (February 1, 1954), pp. 20, 22.
2. Asbestos Magazine, 1922, June 1922 (June 1, 1922), p. 51.
3. Asbestos Magazine, 1925, October 1925 (October 1, 1925), p. 24.
4. Asbestos Magazine, 1929, February 1929 (February 1, 1929), p. 52.
5. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, December 1977 (December 1, 1977), pp. 27, 29.
6. Asbestos Magazine, 1921, December 1921 (December 1, 1921), p. 19.
7. Asbestos Magazine, 1925, August 1925 (August 1, 1925), p. 42.
8. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1964 (January 1, 1965), p. 10.
9. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 2007 (January 1, 2008), p. 3.
10. Asbestos Magazine, 1930, January 1930 (January 1, 1930), p. 11.
11. Asbestos Magazine, 1924, September 1924 (September 1, 1924), p. 34.
12. Asbestos Magazine, 1981, April 1981 (April 1, 1981), p. 23.
13. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1934 (January 1, 1935), p. 3.
14. Asbestos Magazine, 1946, November 1946 (November 1, 1946), p. 39.
15. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1947 (January 1, 1948), p. 9.
16. Asbestos Magazine, 1948, April 1948 (April 1, 1948), p. 42.
17. Asbestos Magazine, 1981, January 1981 (January 1, 1981), pp. 20, 22.
18. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1986 (January 1, 1987), p. 6.
19. Asbestos Magazine, 1920, April 1920 (April 1, 1920), p. 25.
20. Asbestos Magazine, 1921, October 1921 (October 1, 1921), p. 49.
21. Asbestos Magazine, 1929, September 1929 (September 1, 1929), p. 17.
22. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1940 (January 1, 1941), p. 8.
23. Asbestos Magazine, 1944, November 1944 (November 1, 1944), p. 6.
24. Asbestos Magazine, 1952, February 1952 (February 1, 1952), p. 41.
25. Asbestos Magazine, 1953, February 1953 (February 1, 1953), p. 54.
26. Asbestos Magazine, 1959, July 1959 (July 1, 1959), pp. 12, 22.
27. Asbestos Magazine, 1956, March 1956 (March 1, 1956), p. 6.
28. Asbestos Magazine, 1966, December 1966 (December 1, 1966), p. 6.
29. Asbestos Magazine, 1967, December 1967 (December 1, 1967), p. 8.
30. Asbestos Magazine, 1968, March 1968 (March 1, 1968), p. 27.
31. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, December 1978 (December 1, 1978), p. 30.
32. Asbestos Magazine, 1951, April 1951 (April 1, 1951), p. 50.
33. Asbestos Magazine, 1958, October 1958 (October 1, 1958), p. 8.
34. Asbestos Magazine, 1960, March 1960 (March 1, 1960), p. 10.
35. Asbestos Magazine, 1975, December 1975 (December 1, 1975), pp. 30, 33.
36. Asbestos Magazine, 1976, December 1976 (December 1, 1976), pp. 30, 35.
37. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, December 1979 (December 1, 1979), p. 30.
38. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, June 1977 (June 1, 1977), p. 32.
39. Asbestos Magazine, 1978, November 1978 (November 1, 1978), p. 16.
40. Asbestos Magazine, 1949, March 1949 (March 1, 1949), p. 42.
41. Asbestos Magazine, 1975, August 1975 (August 1, 1975), p. 40.
42. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1975 (January 1, 1976), p. 9.
43. Asbestos Magazine, 1942, January 1942 (January 1, 1942), p. 24.
44. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1943 (January 1, 1944), p. 9.
45. Asbestos Magazine, 1949, April 1949 (April 1, 1949), p. 47.
46. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1951 (January 1, 1952), p. 7.
47. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1952 (January 1, 1953), p. 9.
48. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1953 (January 1, 1954), p. 9.
49. Asbestos Magazine, 1954, April 1954 (April 1, 1954), p. 8.
50. Asbestos Magazine, 1957, January 1957 (January 1, 1957), p. 52.
51. Asbestos Magazine, 1973, June 1973 (June 1, 1973), p. 34.
52. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1976 (January 1, 1977), p. 6.
53. Asbestos Magazine, 1977, May 1977 (May 1, 1977), p. 45.
54. Asbestos Magazine, 1979, June 1979 (June 1, 1979), p. 46.
55. Minerals Yearbook: Asbestos Chapters, 1985 (January 1, 1986), p. 6.