Reading Castleman, Chapter 11: The Legacy and the Challenge

The sources Barry Castleman cites in Chapter 11, The Legacy and the Challenge of Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects (5th edition, 2005), in the order the book reads, with the page and note number. 60 of the 314 are in our library and linked. "Inside" means the source is part of a larger item we hold; "See also" is our closest item, not the source itself. All chapters.

• p. 725. The Differentiation of Noxious Dusts (Editorial). Lancet 1:903-904 (1934).
• p. 725. Asbestos Corporation, Ltd. advertisement picturing the World Trade Center in New York, whose girders were insulated with sprayed asbestos (Asbestos, January, 1983).
• p. 725. Michel Gratton, Director General of the Asbestos Institute, Canada (1990).

Table 1. The Projected Annual Excess Deaths from All Asbestos-Related Cancer in Selected Occupations and Industries, 1967-2027

• p. 729. From Nicholson, Perkel, and Selikoff, 1982 In our library: Occupational exposure to asbestos: population at risk and projected mortality--1980-2030.

Continuing Asbestos Exposure in the United States

• p. 735. Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act, 1980
• p. 735. Report of the Attorney General to Congress on the feasibility of recovering school asbestos costs from manufacturers, 1981 (quoted)
• p. 736. Lexington County, South Carolina School District v. U.S. Gypsum and Johns-Manville (1984)

Asbestos Litigation

• p. 739. A BBC documentary in 1993 examined the toll of asbestos-related liabilities on Lloyd's of London
• p. 746. Schmoll v. AC&S
• p. 748. "The Tort That Ate the Constitution."

Asbestos Litigation in Other Countries

• p. 753. June Hancock v. T&N

The Asbestosis Research Council

• p. 754. John Waddell (Turner & Newall) note to Dr. Lewinsohn, chairman of ARC Research Committee (quoted; no date given on this page)

Public Opinion and Public Health Policy

• p. 756. The Asbestos Producer
• p. 759. "Asbestos Industry Announces New Measures to Protect Public Health" (written statement circulated at press conference by asbestos firms/Hill & Knowlton)
• p. 759. Asbestos Killer Dust, British Society for Social Responsibility in Science, 1979 See also: Asbestos: killer dust, says book.
• p. 760. Murray's writings in the British Journal of Industrial Medicine in 1990-1991 In our library: Asbestos: a chronology of its origins and health effects.
• p. 762. Britain's New Scientist, April 14, 1990 (report quoted: 'Plans to spend up to $150 billion to deal with dangerous asbestos in the U.S. are hanging in the balance...') In our library: Public Being 'Misled' Over Asbestos Dangers
• p. 762. Michael Bennett, The Asbestos Racket, published for the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise
• p. 764. Corn and co-workers, 1994, 5-building survey of maintenance worker asbestos exposures (records provided by W.R. Grace's Senior Litigation Counsel)
• p. 765. Dr. Philip Landrigan (Mount Sinai School of Medicine) wrote to the U.S. Department of State in support of NIOSH's action (letter, undated; cited as note 114)
• p. 765. Letter of protest sent to IPCS about corporate influence and conflicts of interest, signed by 81 experts in occupational health (note 115)
• p. 765. U.S. State Department letter to IPCS advising measures to deal with conflicts of interest, July 1996

Criminal Sanctions and Personal Responsibility

• p. 767. Chemical and Engineering News (article about a Corning Fibers executive sentenced to jail on conspiracy and Clean Water Act charges; mentioned in running text, no date given)
• p. 769. Schmidheiny told the Wall Street Journal, "I promise you I will never go to an Italian prison."
• p. 770. Edward Ross, Sin and Society, 1907 (book, quoted in running text)

Asbestos Contamination in Vermiculite, Talc, and Other Minerals

• p. 773. Andrew Schneider and David McCumber, An Air That Kills (Putnam, 2004)
• p. 773. Andrew Schneider, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 23, 2000 (report of asbestos in Crayola crayons)

WORLDWIDE PROLIFERATION OF ASBESTOS DISEASE

• p. 784. Sydney Morning Herald (industry spokesman's explanation that the asbestos industry had been singled out; cited via note 173)
• p. 786. memorandum from an international sales representative of Carey Canada to Michael Prus, company president, 1977 (re warning labels in Japan)
• p. 787. 1978 internal memorandum of the Asbestos International Association (AIA), Executive Committee
• p. 787. first Carey memorandum (Carey Canada)
• p. 792. The Times of India, report on the judgment of the Supreme Court of India (quoted passage)
• p. 794. Asbestos magazine advertisement, "Want to Operate in a Friendly Environment?" (Quebec's nationalized asbestos company)

The Role of the Canadian Government and Other Governments in Promoting Asbestos Use

• p. 799. The Real Facts on Asbestos, Asbestos Institute (1990)
• p. 800. CBC, Oct. 1988 (Canadian television documentary on the government's promotion of asbestos in the Third World)
• p. 800. CTV, Nov. 1989 (Canadian television documentary on the government's promotion of asbestos in the Third World)
• p. 802. "Call for an International Ban on Asbestos" (Collegium Ramazzini, 1999), published in 13 journals including the American Journal of Industrial Medicine

CONTINUING GLOBAL ASBESTOS STRUGGLE

• p. 804. Two "Asbestos Special" issues of the International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health published in 2003-2004

Asbestos-Related Disease in Canada

• p. 807. Investigation of a Cluster of Mesothelioma Cases in Lambton County, Ontario (Health Canada; sent by Robert Semenciw to James Brophy)
• p. 807. Epidemiology of the Diseases Caused by Exposure to Asbestos (National Institute of Public Health in Québec), Nov. 14, 2003

Canadian Support for Overseas Asbestos Promotion

• p. 810. e-mail from Eric Robinson (Trade Policy Officer, Canadian Government) to Martin Barratt, Third Secretary (Commercial), Canadian High Commission in India, May 2, 2002

Aggressive Campaign by Indian Asbestos Interests

• p. 810. 58th Governing Council Meeting of the Asbestos International Association, June 2002
• p. 812. "Special Sponsored Feature" in Business Standard (New Delhi), January 9, 2004: "Scientific findings squash asbestos cement myths at international conference"

The International Campaign

• p. 813. Laurie Kazan-Allen, "The Asbestos War" (paper) In our library: The asbestos war.

Ban Momentum Grows

• p. 816. The Sustainable Development Sourcebook for the World Bank Group (WBG) compiled by the Extractive Industries Review (EIR), January 2004

Mortality Estimates (U.S.)

• p. 727, note 1. Nicholson, W.J., G. Perkel, and I.J. Selikoff, "Occupational Exposure to Asbestos: Population at Risk and Projected Mortality-1980-2030," Amer. J. Indust. Med. 3:259-311 (1982). In our library: Occupational exposure to asbestos: population at risk and projected mortality--1980-2030.
• p. 728, note 2. Doll, R. and R. Peto, "The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today," J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 66:1191-1308 (1981).
• p. 728, note 3. Quantification of Occupational Cancer (Banbury Report 9), Eds. R. Peto and M.Schneiderman. (Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1981).
• p. 728, note 4. Lilienfeld, D.E. et al., "Projection of Asbestos-Related Diseases in the United States, 1985-2009, I. Cancer," Br. J. Indust. Med. 45:283-291 (1988). In our library: Projection of asbestos related diseases in the United States, 1985-2009. I. Cancer.
• p. 728, note 5. Environmental Working Group, Asbestos: Think Again (2004). www.ewg.org/reports/asbestos.
• p. 728, note 6. Nicholson, W.J., personal communication to the author (Oct. 1995).
• p. 728, note 7. Mark, E.J., and Toyoharu Yokoi, "Absence of Evidence for a Significant Background Incidence of Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma Apart from Asbestos Exposure," Ann. N.Y.A.S. 643:196-204 (1991). In our library: Absence of evidence for a significant background incidence of diffuse malignant mesothelioma apart from asbestos exposure.
• p. 728, note 8. Waller, D., S. Swift, and J. Peto, "Radical Surgery for Mesothelioma/The Epidemic Is Still to Peak and We Need More Research to Manage It," (Editorial) Br. Med. J. 328:237-238 (2004). In our library: Radical surgery for mesothelioma.
• p. 728, note 9. Peto, J., J.T. Hodgson, F.E. Matthew, and J.R. Jones, "Continuing Increase in Mesothelioma Mortality in Britain," Lancet 345:535-539 (1995).
• p. 728, note 10. Martin, P., "Dust to Dust," The Times (London), May 16, 2004.
• p. 728, note 11. LaDou, J., "The Asbestos Cancer Epidemic," Envir. Health Perspec. 112:285-290 (2004). In our library: The asbestos cancer epidemic.
• p. 818, note 12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proceedings of the National Workshop on Substitutes for Asbestos, July 14-16, 1980. (Washington, D.C., 1981). Inside: Proceedings of the National Workshop on Substitutes for Asbestos, Vol. II (GCA Corporation for U.S. EPA): Flowers, 'Chemical Detoxification of Asbestos Fibers,' with Discussion, and Rhodes Memo on California Asbestos Study (1980)
• p. 818, note 13. Krusell, N. and D. Cogley. Asbestos Substitute Performance Analysis, Draft Final Report to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, GCA Corp. Bedford, Mass. (May, 1981).

WORLDWIDE PROLIFERATION OF ASBESTOS DISEASE

• p. 783, note 14. Castleman, B.I. and M.J. Vera Vera. "Impending Proliferation of Asbestos," Internat. J. Health Serv. 10:389-403 (1980). Includes summary of "General Motors Programs on Non-Asbestos Friction Materials for Brake Systems" (Sept. 7, 1979). In our library: Impending proliferation of asbestos.
• p. 819, note 15. "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants/ Amendments to Standards for Asbestos and Mercury," Fed. Reg. 40:48292-48311 (Oct. 14, 1975).
• p. 819, note 16. "Consumer Patching Compounds and Artificial Emberizing Materials (Embers and Ash) Containing Respirable Free-Form Asbestos/Banned Hazardous Products," Fed. Reg. 42:63354-63365 (Dec. 15, 1977).

Continuing Asbestos Exposure in the United States

• p. 731, note 17. Castleman, B.I., R. Madan, and R. Mayes, "Export of Industrial Hazards to India," Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay) 16:1057-1058 (June 13, 1981).
• p. 731, note 18. Deposition of John McKinney (Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Johns-Manville Corp.) in Dorothy St. Jacque vs. Johns-Manville Corp. et al. Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles, Case No. C 137465, p. 168 (taken Oct. 29, 1980).
• p. 731, note 19. "CertainTeed Closes Two A/C Pipe Plants," Asbestos pp. 16, 18 (Dec. 1982).
• p. 731, note 20. Harington, J.S., "Fiber Carcinogenesis: Epidemiologic Observations and the Stanton Hypothesis," J.N.C.I. 67:977-989 (1981).
• p. 731, note 21. Lee, K.P. et al., "Comparative Pulmonary Responses to Inhaled Inorganic Fibers with Asbestos and Fiberglass," Environ. Res. 24:167-191 (1981). Product discontinuance noted in letter from C.F. Reinhardt (DuPont) to D.M. Costel (Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Oct. 2, 1978. In our library: Comparative pulmonary responses to inhaled inorganic fibers with asbestos and fiberglass.
• p. 732, note 22. Saracci, R. and L. Simonato, "Man-made Vitreous Fibers and Workers' Health," Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 8:234-242 (1982). In our library: Man-made Vitreous Fibers and Workers' Health
• p. 732, note 23. Biological Effects of Man-Made Mineral Fibers Euro Reports and Studies 81, Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 1983, pp. 40-44.
• p. 732, note 24. "Asbestos; Proposed Mining and Import Restrictions and Proposed Manufacturing, Importation, and Processing Prohibitions," Federal Reg. 51:3738-3759 (Jan. 29, 1986).
• p. 732, note 25. Enterline, P.E. "Role of Manmade Mineral Fibers in the Causation of Cancer," Br. J. Ind. Med. 47:145-146 (1990). In our library: Role of manmade mineral fibres in the causation of cancer.
• p. 732, note 26. "OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard Reducing the Permissible Asbestos Exposure Limit" (from Fed. Register Nov. 4, 1983) Occup. Safety and Health Reporter, Nov. 10, 1983, pp. 556-560.
• p. 732, note 27. "Compiling a Data Base on Asbestos Exposure," Chem. Week (Aug. 4, 1982), p. 40.
• p. 733, note 28. "Asbestos: Manufacture, Importation, Processing, and Distribution in Commerce Prohibitions; Final Rule." Fed. Reg. 54:29460-29513 (July 12, 1989).
• p. 734, note 29. Presentations of H. Anderson, P. Landrigan, S. Levin and L. Welch at conference, "The Third Wave of Asbestos Disease: Exposure to Asbestos in Place," June 7-9, 1990, published in Annals of N.Y. Acad. Sci. 643 (1991). And M. Jaffe, "Dangers of Asbestos Widening," Philadelphia Inquirer (June 8, 1990).
• p. 735, note 30. Kucinich, D.J. (U.S. House of Representatives), OSHA's Failure to Monitor and Enforce Asbestos Regulations in Auto Repair Shops (Mar. 2004).
• p. 735, note 31. Sawyer, R.N. "Indoor Asbestos Air Pollution: Application of Hazard Criteria," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 330:579-586 (1979). In our library: Indoor asbestos pollution: application of hazard criteria.
• p. 735, note 32. Nicholson, W.J. et al., "Asbestos Contamination in United States Schools from Use of Asbestos Surfacing Materials," Ibid., pp. 587-596. In our library: Asbestos contamination in United States schools from use of asbestos surfacing materials.
• p. 735, note 33. Stein, R.C. et al., "Pleural Mesothelioma Resulting from Exposure to Amosite Asbestos in a Building," Resp. Med. 83:237-239 (1989); and Anderson, H.A., et al., "Mesothelioma Among Employees with Likely Contact with in-Place Asbestos-Containing Building Materials," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 643: 550-572, 1991; Lilienfeld, D.E., "Asbestos-Associated Plural Mesothelioma in School Teachers: A Discussion of Four Cases," Ibid. pp. 454-458. In our library: Pleural mesothelioma resulting from exposure to amosite asbestos in a building.
• p. 735, note 34. Dalton, A. "Asbestos Hazards: Past, Present, and Future," Occup. Health Review pp. 34-36 (Sept./Oct. 1995).
• p. 735, note 35. Wright, E.R., et al., The Attorney General's Asbestos Liability Report to the Congress, U.S. Department of Justice (1981).
• p. 736, note 36. "Asbestos Removal Put at $1.4 Billion," Washington Post (Oct. 7, 1983).
• p. 736, note 37. "Asbestos Cleanup Program for Schools Set," Chem & Eng. News (Nov. 3, 1986).
• p. 736, note 38. "Damaged Material in 501,000 Buildings, Potential Worker Hazard, Seen in EPA Report," Occup. Safety & Health Reporter (Mar. 9, 1988).
• p. 737, note 39. Schneider, A., "EPA Halts Asbestos Removal Method," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Aug. 7, 2004).

The Economic and Social Cost of Asbestos Disease in the United States

• p. 737, note 40. Johnson, W.G. and E. Heler, "The Costs of Asbestos-Associated Disease and Death," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 61 No. 2 (1983).
• p. 738, note 41. Hartunian, N.S., C.N. Smart, and M.S. Thompson, "The Incidence and Economic Costs of Cancer, Motor Vehicle Injuries, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke: A Comparative Analysis," Amer. J. Publ. Health 70:1249-1260 (1980). In our library: The Incidence and Economic Costs of Cancer, Motor Vehicle Injuries, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke: A Comparative Analysis

Asbestos Litigation

• p. 739, note 42. Asbestos ... A Social Problem Commercial Union Insurance Companies, Appendix B (1981).
• p. 739, note 43. "Baron Challenges Study," Stockholders & Creditors News Service Re. Johns-Manville Corp. Edgemont, PA: Andrews Publications (May 7, 1984), pp. 2444-2446.
• p. 739, note 44. "Record Losses at Lloyd's of London," Brit. Asb. Newsletter (Summer 1993).
• p. 739, note 45. Raphael, A., Ultimate Risk: The Inside Story of Lloyd's Catastrophe, New York: Four Walls, Eight Windows, 1995.
• p. 739, note 46. "Manville Path to Chapter 11 Not Paved Simply by Asbestos Suits," Asbestos Litigation Reporter (Nov. 26, 1982), pp. 5827-5830.
• p. 741, note 47. "Financial Statements and Report of Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust for the Period Ending March 31, 1995."
• p. 741, note 48. Labaton, S., "Asbestos Trust Fund of Manville Queried," New York Times (May 16, 1990).
• p. 742, note 49. "Reaction to Plan: Three Committee Members Explain Their Concerns," Asbestos Litigation Reporter pp. 11,304-11,308 (Dec. 1985).
• p. 743, note 50. "Life After Asbestos: Manville Rebuilds, Seeking a New Image," Wall St. J (May 31, 1990). And "Manville Tries to Build New Identity as a Firm Keen on Environment," Ibid.
• p. 743, note 51. Labaton, S., "Courts Tell Manville to Reorganize Fund for Asbestos Claimants," New York Times (June 2, 1990).
• p. 744, note 52. Financial statements and Report of the Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust for the year 1994, filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Feb. 28, 1995.
• p. 744, note 53. Houser, P.G. (Executive Director, Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust), memorandum to B. Castleman (Oct. 4, 1995). And Karen Croft (Manville Trust), personal communication to the author (Oct. 5, 1995).
• p. 744, note 54. Financial Statement and Report of the Manville Personal Injury Settlement Trust for the period ending June 30, 1995, filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, July 28, 1995.
• p. 745, note 55. Benson, G.J., Financial Analysis of Companies That Filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2000 and 2001 as a Result of Asbestos Obligations (Oct. 30, 2003).
• p. 745, note 56. Kotelchuck, D., "Asbestos Compensation: Justice for Whom?" Health/PAC Bulletin 14(3):23-26 (1983). Health Policy Advisory Center, New York.
• p. 746, note 57. Schneider, A., "Bill Would Save Firms Billions," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Jan. 31, 2004).
• p. 746, note 58. Antosh, N., "It's a Done Deal: Asbestos Plan Approval—Restructuring of Halliburton Units to Proceed," Houston Chronicle (July 17, 2004).
• p. 747, note 59. Jacobs, M.A., "Asbestos Action is Thrown Out by U.S. Court," Wall St. J. (Dec. 2, 1993).
• p. 748, note 60. Parloff, R., "The Tort that Ate the Constitution," Amer. Lawyer (July/Aug. 1994). And, Koniak, S.P., "Feasting While the Widow Weeps: Georgine v. Amchem Products, Inc." Cornell Law Review 80: 1045 (1995).
• p. 749, note 61. Coffee, J.C., "The Corruption of the Class Action," Wall St. J. (Sept. 7, 1994).
• p. 750, note 62. Schneider, A., "EPA Warning on Asbestos Is Under Attack," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Oct. 26, 2003).

Asbestos Litigation in Other Countries

• p. 751, note 63. British Asbestos Newsletter, Issues 20, 21 (Summer and Autumn 1995).
• p. 751, note 64. Sexton, E., "Hardie Shielded Dividends from Asbestos Claims," SMH (Apr. 9, 2004).
• p. 752, note 65. "Asbestos Firms to Pay Y180 Mil. in Compensation," Japan Times (July 12, 1986). And, British Asbestos Newsletter, Issue 13, (Autumn, 1993). Also, Furuya, S. (Japan Occupational Safety and Health Resource Center, Tokyo) personal communication to the author, Dec. 12, 1995.
• p. 752, note 66. Montgomery, N., and H. Kusumoto, "Japanese Asbestos Cases May Cost U.S. Millions," Stars and Stripes (Apr. 12, 2004).
• p. 753, note 67. Millward, D., "New Check on Asbestosis Claim Doctors," Daily Telegraph (Dec. 15, 1987).
• p. 753, note 68. Merler, E. and S. Brizzi, "Compensation of Occupational Diseases, Particularly Asbestos-Related Diseases, among European Union Countries," New Solutions pp. 21-30 (Fall, 1995). In our library: Compensation of Occupational Diseases, Particularly Asbestos-Related Diseases, Among European Union (EU) Countries.
• p. 753, note 69. Meeran, R., "Cape Plc: South African Mineworkers Quest for Justice," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 9:218-229 (2003). In our library: Cape Plc: South African mineworkers' quest for justice.
• p. 753, note 70. McCulloch, J., Asbestos Blues/Labor, Capital, Physicians, and the State in South Africa, Bloomington: Indiana Press, 2002.
• p. 754, note 71. Kazan-Allen, L., "Open Season on Brazil's Labor Inspectors," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 10:240-241 (2004).
• p. 754, note 72. Special Asbestos Issues, Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 9(3)2003 and 10(2)2004.

The Asbestosis Research Council

• p. 754, note 73. Asbestosis Research Council, Management Committee minutes of Oct. 29, 1958 meeting.
• p. 754, note 74. Wells, R.A., "Dust Survey Carried Out in Buildings Incorporating Asbestos-based Materials in their Construction, by Dr. S. Holmes et al." Memorandum to D.W. Hills, Dec. 2, 1968.
• p. 754, note 75. Hills, D.W. memorandum to H.C. Lewinsohn, June 27, 1969. T&N document 0071-0869.
• p. 755, note 76. Hills, D.W., memorandum to R.A. Wells, Nov. 4, 1968. T&N document 0020-0774.
• p. 755, note 77. Byrom, J.C., memorandum to S. Holmes, Dec. 13, 1968. T&N document 0020-0775.
• p. 755, note 78. Asbestosis Research Council, Management Committee minutes of Apr. 19, 1972 meeting.
• p. 755, note 79. Holmes, S. (Secretary, A.R.C.) letters to Dr. C.N. Davies (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), June 29 and July 10, 1970.
• p. 755, note 80. Lewinsohn, H.C., memorandum to D.W. Hills, Mar. 25, 1971.
• p. 755, note 81. Howe, M.F., "Proposed Dutch Asbestos Order," memorandum to S. Holmes Nov. 1, 1972.
• p. 755, note 82. Heron, G.F., "Ingestion of Mineral Fibres/Proposed Paper by Paul Gross, Russell Harley, Margaret Swinburne and John Davis," memorandum to D.W. Hills, Mar. 12, 1974. T&N document 0070-0303-1702.
• p. 756, note 83. "Title 21—Food and Drugs, Asbestos-Form Particles in Drugs for Parenteral Injection," Federal Reg., pp. 11865-11869 (Mar. 14,1975). Inside: R. H. Mereness (Asbestos Information Association) to Members Transmitting FDA Rule on Asbestos-Form Particles in Parenteral Drugs, with Federal Register Excerpt (1975)
• p. 756, note 84. Davis, J.M.G., letter to D.C.F. Muir (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh), May 5, 1976.
• p. 756, note 85. Elmes, P.C. (Medical Research Council, Penarth), letter to Dr. W.J. Smither (Chairman, ARC Research Committee), Jan. 17, 1978.
• p. 756, note 86. Smither, W.J., letter to Dr. P.C. Elmes, Jan. 27,1978.

Public Opinion and Public Health Policy

• p. 756, note 87. "Quebec Asbestos Mining Association Special Summer Meeting, Jasper, Alberta, Aug. 3-6,1966/Report of Public Relations Committee."
• p. 757, note 88. Holmes, S., "Asbestos and Health/Visit of Mr. M.E. Howe and Dr. S. Holmes to U.S.A.—17th /20th August 1970," memorandum, T&N document 0117-1631.
• p. 758, note 89. Bartrip, P.W.J., "Irving John Selikoff and the Strange Case of the Missing Medical Degrees," J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 58:3-33 (2003). In our library: Irving John Selikoff and the strange case of the missing medical degrees.
• p. 758, note 90. Egilman, D., et al., "P.W.J. Bartrip's Attack on Irving J. Selikoff," Amer. J. Indus. Med. 46:151-155 (2004).
• p. 758, note 91. Swetonic, M., "Why Asbestos?" Presentation before the Asbestos Textile Institute (June 7, 1973). Inside: Affidavit of Robert C. Cohen Certifying Asbestos Textile Institute General Meeting Minutes of June 7, 1973, with Committee Reports and Swetonic Presentation (1973)
• p. 759, note 92. "Asbestos Information Committee/Structure." T&N document 0068-0087.
• p. 759, note 93. "Asbestos," Insulation (July, 1967).
• p. 759, note 94. Waddell, J., memorandum to A.C. Mann, July 13, 1967. T&N document 0068-0959.
• p. 759, note 95. Dalton, A.J.P., Asbestos Killer Dust, London: British Society for Social Responsibility in Science (1979). See also: Asbestos: killer dust, says book.
• p. 760, note 96. Fite, J.F., "Problems and Solutions in the Asbestos Abatement Industry," Asbestos Abatement Update, New York: Garland Law Publishing, 1990, pp. 79-139.
• p. 762, note 97. Spengler, J.D. et al., "Summary of Symposium on Health Effects of Exposure to Asbestos in Buildings" (June 28, 1989).
• p. 762, note 98. Mossman, B.T. and J.B. Gee, "Asbestos-Related Diseases," New Engl. J. Med. 320:1721-1730 (1989).
• p. 762, note 99. Mossman, B.T., Bignon, J., Corn, M., Seaton, A., and J.B.L. Gee, "Asbestos: Scientific Developments and Implications for Public Policy," Science 247:294-301 (1990). In our library: Asbestos: scientific developments and implications for public policy.
• p. 762, note 100. Eliasson O., Letters, New Engl. J. Med. 322:130 (1990). In our library: Asbestos-Related Diseases
• p. 763, note 101. Bailey, W.E., "Selikoff Speaks Out on 'Science'," Asbestos Issues (Apr. 1990). In our library: Selikoff Speaks Out On Science
• p. 763, note 102. Asbestos Control Report (Mar. 15, Mar. 29, and Apr. 12, 1990).
• p. 763, note 103. Golden, J.T. (Sheet Metal Workers' International Association), letter to P. Lees, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health (Feb. 2, 1990).
• p. 763, note 104. Nicholson, W.J., Johnson, E.M., Harington, J.S., Melius, J., and P.J. Landrigan, Letters, Science 248:796-799 (1990). In our library: In reply: asbestos, carcinogenicity, and public policy.
• p. 763, note 105. Brody, A.R., Ibid., p. 795.
• p. 763, note 106. Reilly, W.K., "Asbestos Removal," Science 248:1064-1065 (1990). In our library: Asbestos removal.
• p. 763, note 107. Samuels, S.W., Letters, Science 248:795-796 (1990). In our library: In reply: asbestos, carcinogenicity, and public policy.
• p. 764, note 108. Stevens, W.K., "Scientists Say Risk from Asbestos Is Higher than They had Thought," New York Times (June 8, 1990).
• p. 764, note 109. Phyllis M. Schell v. National Gypsum Company and United States Gypsum Company, C.A. No. 91-CA-5400, Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
• p. 764, note 110. Lee, P.R. (Asst. Sec. for Health, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services), Letter to J. Fite (White Lung Assoc.), Mar. 3, 1994.
• p. 764, note 111. Lemen, R.A. (U.S. Nat. Inst. for Occup. Safety and Health), Letter to M. Mercier (International Program for Chemical Safety), (Oct. 5, 1993).
• p. 765, note 112. Watterson, A. "Chemical hazards and public confidence." Lancet 342:131-132 (July 17, 1993).
• p. 765, note 113. Maltoni, C. (Collegium Ramazzini), Letter to M. Mercier (IPCS), Nov. 2, 1993.
• p. 765, note 114. Landrigan, P.J., Letter to T. Wirth (Undersecretary of State for the Environment), Oct. 5, 1993.
• p. 765, note 115. "Letter to the World Health Organization, International Labor Organization, United Nations Environmental Program, and International Program on Chemical Safety," Arch. Environ. Health 51:338-340 (1996).
• p. 765, note 116. Chrysotile Asbestos, Environmental Health Criteria Document 203, Geneva: International Program on Chemical Safety, 1998, p. 144.
• p. 765, note 117. Castleman, B.I., and R.A. Lemen, "The Manipulation of International Scientific Organizations," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 4:53-55 (1998).
• p. 765, note 118. Castleman, B., "Global Corporate Policies and International 'Double Standards' in Occupational and Environmental Health," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 5:61-64 (1999). In our library: Global corporate policies and international "double standards" in occupational and environmental health.

Criminal Sanctions and Personal Responsibility

• p. 766, note 119. Ives, J.H. Cross-Cultural, Comparative Study of the Regulation and Administration of Occupational Safety and Health Care Policies in the Workplace: The Chemical Industry in the United States and Great Britain, doctoral dissertation, University of London School of Economics (1984).
• p. 767, note 120. Mokhiber, R., Corporate Crime and Violence, Sierra Club Books, San Francisco (1988).
• p. 767, note 121. "Convicted for Dumping," Chem. Week, p. 23 (Oct. 14, 1981).
• p. 767, note 122. Chemical & Engineering News (Dec. 7, 1981).
• p. 767, note 123. "Industrial Bio-Test Sentence," Chem. Week, p. 17 (Apr. 18, 1984).
• p. 768, note 124. Harr, J., A Civil Action, New York: Random House, 1995, pp. 491-492.
• p. 768, note 125. "N.J. Supreme Court to Review Punitive Damages Under Strict Liability," Asbestos Litigation Reporter, pp. 8971-8972 (Sept. 21, 1984).
• p. 769, note 126. York, M., "Upstate Father and Son Convicted of Leaving Behind Asbestos and Faking Air Test Results," New York Times (Mar. 31, 2004).
• p. 769, note 127. Bank, D., "Moral Fiber/Billionaire Activist on Environment Faces His Own Past," Wall Street J. (Dec. 9, 2002).
• p. 769, note 128. Berman, D.M. and A. Knoepfli, "Asbestos Magnate to Environmental Guru: the Morphing of Stefan Schmidheiny," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 6:351-352 (2000). In our library: Asbestos magnate to environmental guru: the morphing of Stephan Schmidheiny.
• p. 770, note 129. Miller, G., Testimony on H.R. 4973, Corporate Criminal Liability Hearings before the Subcommittee on Crime, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives 96th Cong. Ser. No. 71, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1981, pp. 7-35.
• p. 770, note 130. Mintz, M., "Clergy Support a Bill on Crime by Corporations," Wash. Post (Feb. 15, 1980).
• p. 770, note 131. Mintz, M., "The Executive Mindset," Multinational Monitor, pp. 10-16 (June, 1984).
• p. 770, note 132. Beilock, R.P., "The Economics of Jailing Executives for Violations of Health and Safety Regulations," J. Consumer Affairs 13:386-392(1979).
• p. 771, note 133. Conyers, J.C. "Nondisclosure of Health and Safety Information: A Criminal Act," Cong. Record, p. E-4174 (Oct. 2, 1984).

Traditional Public Health Measures

• p. 772, note 134. Savastano, H., Warden, P.G., and R.S.P. Coutts, "Brazilian Waste Fibers as Reinforcement for Cement-Based Composites," Cement & Concrete Composites 22:379-384 (2000).
• p. 772, note 135. Savastano, H., Warden P. G., and R.S.P. Coutts, "Ground Iron Blast Furnace Slag as a Matrix for Cellulose-Cement Materials," Cement & Concrete Composites 23:389-397 (2001).
• p. 772, note 136. Savastano, H., "Sustainable Cement Based Materials and Techniques for Rural Construction." [email protected].
• p. 772, note 137. Agarwal, L.K., "Bagasse-Reinforced Cement Composites," Cement & Concrete Composites 17:107-112 (1995).
• p. 772, note 138. Agarwal, L.K., "Studies on Cement Bonded Coir Fibre Boards," Cement & Concrete Composites 14:63-69 (1992).
• p. 772, note 139. Castleman, B., "'Controlled Use' of Asbestos," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 9:294-298 (2003). In our library: "Controlled use" of asbestos.
• p. 772, note 140. Hammond, E.C., I.J. Selikoff, and H. Seidman, "Asbestos Exposure, Cigarette Smoking, and Death Rates," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 330:473-490 (1979). In our library: Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking and death rates.

Asbestos Contamination in Vermiculite, Talc, and Other Minerals

• p. 773, note 141. Peacock, A., Libby, Montana/Asbestos and the Deadly Silence of an American Corporation, Boulder: Johnson Books, 2003.
• p. 773, note 142. Bowker, M., Fatal Deception/the Untold Story of Asbestos, Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale, 2003.
• p. 773, note 143. Siegal, W., Smith, A.R., and L. Greenberg, "The Dust Hazard in Tremolite Talc Mining, Including Roentgenological Findings in Talc Workers," Amer. J. Roentg. 49:11-29 (1943). In our library: The Dust Hazard In Tremolite Talc Mining, Including Roentgenological Findings In Talc Workers
• p. 773, note 144. Kleinfield, M., Messite, J., Kooyman, O., and M. Zaki, "Mortality Among Talc Miners and Millers in New York State," Indust. Hyg. Rev. 9:3-12 (1967). In our library: Mortality among talc miners and millers in New York State.
• p. 773, note 145. Vianna, N.J., et al., "Malignant Mesothelioma/Epidemiologic Patterns in New York State," N.Y. State J. Med. 735-738 (Apr. 1981). Also Hull, M.J., Abraham, J.L., and B.W. Case, "Mesothelioma among Workers in Asbestiform Fiber-Bearing Talc Mines in New York State," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 46 (Supp. 1):132-135 (2002).
• p. 773, note 146. Lamar, R.S., "Your Memo of Oct. 9, 1974/Optical and TEM Counting of Asbestos Minerals in Asbestine 3X, Asbestine 325, NYTAL 200, NYTAL 400 as Currently Produced by R.T. Vanderbilt Co." (Oct. 11, 1974). J-M archives.
• p. 773, note 147. Parker, G.E., "Talc Products" (Oct. 4, 1974). J-M archives.
• p. 773, note 148. Dutta, M., Personal communication to the author (2004).
• p. 773, note 149. Giannasi, F., Personal communication to the author (2004).

WORLDWIDE PROLIFERATION OF ASBESTOS DISEASE

• p. 781, note 150. Report on Conferences Between Employers and Inspectors Concerning Methods for Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Factories. London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1931, p. 8. In our library: Home Office, Report on Conferences between Employers and Inspectors on Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories (1931)
• p. 783, note 151. Schepers, G.W., "Discussion," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 132:246-247(1965).
• p. 783, note 152. Solon, F.J., "International Conference of Asbestos Information Bodies/November 24-25, 1971." Turner & Newall document.
• p. 783, note 153. Cowton, R. The Times (Jan. 20, 1975); in Dalton, A. Asbestos Killer Dust London: BSSRS Publ. Ltd., 1979, p. 63.
• p. 783, note 154. Lewinsohn, H.C., memorandum to H.D.S. Hardie and D.W. Hills, Dec. 5, 1975. T&N document 0077-1977.
• p. 783, note 155. Castleman, B.I. "The Export of Hazardous Factories to Developing Nations," Internat. J. Health Serv. 9:569-606 (1979).
• p. 783, note 156. Castleman, B.I., "Double Standards: Asbestos in India," New Scientist 89:522-523 (Feb. 26, 1981).
• p. 783, note 157. Wyrick, R. "Hazards for Export IV. Asbestos Plant Threatens a Village in India," Newsday (Dec. 16, 1981).
• p. 783, note 158. "Occupational Health and Asbestos," NACLA Report on the Americas Vol. 12, New York (1978).
• p. 783, note 159. Tataryn, L. Dying for a Living (Toronto: Deneau and Greenberg, 1979), p. 54.
• p. 783, note 160. Castleman, B.I., "The 'Double Standard' in Industrial Hazards," Internat. J. Health Serv. 13:5-14 (1983).
• p. 783, note 161. Castleman, B.I., "The Double Standard in Industrial Hazards," The Export of Hazard (J. Ives, ed.), Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985, pp. 60-89. (revised and expanded version of ref. 160)
• p. 783, note 162. Van Niekerk, P., "U.S. Steel Holds Interest in Asbestos Dumps," Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg), Sept. 1, 1984.
• p. 783, note 163. "Asbestos and Health," Turner & Newall Ltd. Board Meeting-31st July, 1969, Item 15(c). Note prepared in advance by A.D.N. Jones July 24, the word "Agreed" handwritten at end of text.
• p. 784, note 164. Bateman, R.M. (T&N), "Marking of Bags," memorandum to M. Dorais (Bell Asbestos Mines), May 28, 1974. And Bateman, R.M., "Marking of Bags," memorandum to M.F. Howe (Turner Bros. Asbestos Fibres, Ltd.), May 31, 1974.
• p. 784, note 165. Hill, B.G. (Ferodo, Ltd.), memorandum to R.M. Bateman, May 24, 1974.
• p. 784, note 166. Howe, M.F., "Caution Labels on Asbestos Fibre Bags," memorandum to H.D.S. Hardie, July 22, 1974. T&N document 0228-1382. And Hardie's reply of Aug. 5, 1974.
• p. 784, note 167. Austen, A.J. (Turner & Newall Group Companies in Nigeria), "Health Risk Warnings," memorandum to D.W. Hills (Nov. 17, 1977).
• p. 784, note 168. Hills, D.W., "Health Risk Warnings," memorandum to A.J. Austen (Oct. 24, 1977). T&N document 0080-0084-0204.
• p. 784, note 169. Lepoutre, J., letter to A. Nelson (Turner's Asbestos Fibres Limited), Mar. 6, 1980.
• p. 784, note 170. van der Rest, E., letter to H. Hardie, Mar. 7, 1980.
• p. 784, note 171. Hardie, H. letter to E. van der Rest, Mar. 25, 1980.
• p. 784, note 172. Atkinson, J.M., "U.S. Asbestos Litigation - Zimbabwe," memorandum to K.H. Dixon, July 21, 1980.
• p. 784, note 173. Austin, M.R. (South Pacific Asbestos Association), "Circular to Members of the Executive Committee," Sept. 28, 1981. And Malley, J. "Asbestos report delay blamed on govt" Sydney Morning Herald (Sept. 26, 1981). T&N document 0052-0472.
• p. 785, note 174. Austin, M.R., letter to "Jimmy" Stack, Feb. 15, 1982.
• p. 785, note 175. Morrison, M., "Asbestos Labelling," memorandum to D.F. Roberts, Rochdale, Mar. 24, 1982. And attached story by G. Turnbull, "Asbestos products to carry cancer warning," Sydney Morning Herald Mar. 24, 1982. T&N document 0052-0426.
• p. 785, note 176. Hardie, H.D.S., "Asbestos Warning Labels," memorandum Sept. 12, 1983.
• p. 785, note 177. Venkataraman, N. (Hindustan Ferodo), "Asbestos Warning Labels," memorandum to H.D.S. Hardie (Sept. 20, 1983). T&N document 0152-0309.
• p. 785, note 178. Hardie, H.D.S., memorandum to W.A. Burgress, Sept. 8, 1983. T&N document 0068-0833.
• p. 785, note 179. Sykes R., "Asbestos Warning Labels—New T&N Policy," memorandum Sept. 23, 1983.
• p. 785, note 180. Wright, M.A., letter to Harry Hardie (T&N), Oct. 27, 1983.
• p. 785, note 181. Hardie, H.D.S., letter to M.A. Wright (Cape Industries), Nov. 8, 1983.
• p. 785, note 182. Hardie, H.D.S., "Labelling," memorandum to C.J.M. Rankin (TAP Building Products, Ltd.), Nov. 8, 1983.
• p. 786, note 183. Reiser, P., "Asbestos Warning Labels," memorandum to M. Prus (President, Carey Canada), Apr. 14, 1977. Produced in discovery by Jim Walter Corp.
• p. 786, note 184. Bagenstosse, A.B. (Vice President, Carey Canada), memorandum to P. Reiser (July 8, 1977).
• p. 787, note 185. Asbestos International Association. 8th Executive Committee Meeting, Agenda Item 6: Labelling (July 7, 1978). In our library: ILO Guide to Safety and Health in Dock Work on Labeling, and the British Asbestos Products Labelling Scheme, for the Asbestos International Association (1978)
• p. 788, note 186. Hardie, H.D.S., "Asbestos and Health" memorandum, Sept. 7, 1981. T&N document 0228-1099.
• p. 789, note 187. Dahl, J., "Perilous Policy: Canada Encourages Mining of Asbestos, Sells to Third World," Wall St. J. (Sept. 12, 1989).
• p. 789, note 188. Stack, N., letter to J. Dunnigan (Asbestos Institute), June 29, 1984.
• p. 789, note 189. Virta, R., U.S. Geological Survey, Personal communication to the author (2004).
• p. 789, note 190. Yingratanasuk, T., Kiefer, M., and S. Barnhard, "The Structure and Function of the Occupational Health System in Thailand," Internat. Occup. Environ. Health 4:121-130 (1998).
• p. 790, note 191. J-M Thermobestos and Magnex HT product brochures printed by Johns-Manville do Brazil, S.A. (obtained through conventional means in Brazil in 1983). Also, Ed Fenner (Johns-Manville) memoranda, "Caution Label Thermobestos-Brazil" (April 20, 1976) and "Warning Label Thermobestos-Brazil" (May 17, 1976).
• p. 790, note 192. Berman, D.M., "Asbestos and Health in the Third World: The Case of Brazil," Internat. J. Health Serv. 16:253-263 (1986). In our library: Asbestos and health in the Third World: the case of Brazil.
• p. 790, note 193. Catrina, W. Der Eternit-Report: Stephan Schmidheinys Schweres Erbe Zurich: Orell Fuessili, 1985. Book review by Dan Berman and Ingrid Hoppe.
• p. 790, note 194. Rangan, R.K. "Proof of Cancer Among Men in Asbestos Units," Times of India (March 27, 1981).
• p. 790, note 195. Castleman, B., "Globally Asbestos-Free Automobiles," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 4:277-278 (1998). In our library: Globally asbestos-free automobiles.
• p. 791, note 196. Singer, A., "Award for Asbestos TV Film," The Guardian, April 18, 1983. T&N document 0047-1569.
• p. 791, note 197. Bailey, M. "Shock Report on UK Asbestos Firm," The Observer, Aug. 15, 1982.
• p. 791, note 198. McDermott, M.G., Bevan, M.M., Elmes, P.C., Allardice, J.T., and A.C. Bradley, "Lung Function and Radiographic Change in Chrysotile Workers in Swaziland," Br. J. Indust. Med. 39: 338-342 (1982). In our library: Lung function and radiographic change in chrysotile workers in Swaziland.
• p. 791, note 199. Dixon, K., "Alice Film," memo to H.D.S. Hardie, June 21, 1983. T&N document 0228-1071.
• p. 791, note 200. Hardie, H.D.S., "Havelock: Asbestos and Health," memorandum Apr. 17, 1979. T&N document 0068-0445. And attached report by Dr. J.T. Allardice.
• p. 791, note 201. Hardie, H.D.S., "Asbestos Dust Levels in Overseas Companies," Turner & Newall Executive Committee Meeting, March 2, 1981.
• p. 791, note 202. Elmes, P.E., letter to Brian Heron, Apr. 15, 1987. T&N document 0070-0301-1535.
• p. 791, note 203. "Asbestos in the Third World," BBC radio program Face the Facts (Oct. 13, 1993).
• p. 792, note 204. Bhatnagar, R., "Right to Health Included in Article 21," Times of India (Feb. 6, 1995).
• p. 829, note 205. Joshi, T.K., and R.K. Gupta, "Asbestos-Related Morbidity in India," Internat. J. Occup. Envir. Health 9:249-253 (2003). In our library: Asbestos-related morbidity in India.
• p. 829, note 206. Dutta, M., Sreedhar, R., and A. Basu, "The Blighted Hills of Roro, Jharkhand, India: A Tale of Corporate Greed and Abandonment," Internat. J. Occup. Envir. Health 9:254-259 (2003).
• p. 829, note 207. Castleman, B., "Heroism in Occupational Health," Internat. J. Health Serv. 31:669-672 (2001). In our library: Heroism in occupational health.
• p. 793, note 208. Goodwin, W.R. The Johns-Manville Story (New York: The Newcomen Society in North America, 1972).
• p. 793, note 209. Izmerov, N., Elovskaya, L., and E. Kovalevskiy, "Working with Asbestos in Russia," Internat. J. Occup. Envir. Health 4:59 (1998). In our library: Working with asbestos in Russia.
• p. 793, note 210. Virta, R.L., "Asbestos," Annual Review—1994 (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1995).
• p. 794, note 211. Société Nationále de l'Amiante advertisement, Asbestos (Dec. 1982), p. 17.
• p. 794, note 212. "Asbestos Mining Industry Review, 1982," Asbestos (Jan. 1983).
• p. 794, note 213. Ships for Scrap/Steel and Toxic Wastes for Asia, Reports III, IV, and V, Greenpeace, 2001 and 2002.

The Expansion of Markets for Asbestos in the 1980s and 1990s

• p. 795, note 214. Atherley, G. et al., Safety in the Use of Asbestos, International Labor Office, Geneva (1984). Convention 162 and Recommendation 172 issued in 1986.
• p. 795, note 215. Noguiera-Neto, P., letter to B. Castleman (Feb. 6, 1986).
• p. 796, note 216. Noguiera-Neto, P., letter to B. Castleman (Mar. 12, 1986).
• p. 796, note 217. Mendes, R., Personal communication to B. Castleman (1990).
• p. 796, note 218. Giannasi, F., and A. Thébaud-Mony, "Occupational Exposures to Asbestos in Brazil," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 3:150-157 (1997). In our library: Occupational Exposures to Asbestos in Brazil.
• p. 796, note 219. Kazan-Allen, L., "The Asbestos War," Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health 9:173-193 (2003). In our library: The asbestos war.
• p. 796, note 220. Mendes Vargas, M.M., Maldonado Torres L., "Applicacion de Asbesto por Aspersion y Neumoconiosis muy Incapacitante," Revisita Med. 20:73-77 (1982).
• p. 796, note 221. Kamal, A.A.M. et al., "Usage of Personal Protective Devices Among Egyptian Industrial Workers," Am. J. Indust. Med. 13:706-716 (1988). In our library: Usage of personal protective devices among Egyptian industrial workers.
• p. 796, note 222. Kamal, A.A.M. et al., "Blood Superoxide Dismutase and Plasma Malondialdehyde Among Workers Exposed to Asbestos." Am. J. Indust. Med. 21: 353-361 (1992). In our library: Blood superoxide dismutase and plasma malondialdehyde among workers exposed to asbestos.
• p. 796, note 223. Asbestos: the Dust That Kills, Centre for Education and Documentation (Bombay), p. 22 (1983).
• p. 830, note 224. Murray, R. (Consultant in Occupational Health), "Dear Alvaro" letter to Dr. A. Durao (PAHO), Apr. 16, 1985.
• p. 797, note 225. Johanning, E., Goldberg, M., and R. Kim, "Asbestos Hazard Evaluation in South Korean Textile Production," Internat. J. Health Serv. 24: 131-144 (1994). In our library: Asbestos hazard evaluation in South Korean textile production.
• p. 797, note 226. Harless, K.W., Watanabe, S., and A.D. Renzetti, "The Acute Effects of Chrysotile Asbestos on Lung Function," Env. Res. 16:360-372(1978). In our library: The acute effects of chrysotile asbestos exposure on lung function.
• p. 830, note 227. Arni, E., letters by fax to B. Castleman (Feb. 2 and 22, 1990); and Comments of the Swiss Eternit Group on the EPA's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Asbestos, Washington (June 28, 1986).

The Role of the Canadian Government and Other Governments in Promoting Asbestos Use

• p. 799, note 228. Cross, A. (Asbestosis Research Council, U.K.), "Practical Methods for the Protection of Men Working with Asbestos Materials in Shipyards," Safety and Health in Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing, pp. 93-101. International Labor Office, Geneva (1972).
• p. 830, note 229. Millette, J.R. et al., "The Need to Control Asbestos Fibers in Potable Water Supply Systems," Sci. Tot. Env. 18:91-102 (1981). In our library: The need to control asbestos fibers in potable water supply systems.
• p. 799, note 230. "Canadian Asbestos/Export and Die?" The Economist, pp. 82-83 (Sept. 26, 1987).
• p. 799, note 231. Cahill, J., "A $30 Million Campaign Aims to Take the Curse Off Asbestos," Toronto Star (Mar. 7, 1988).
• p. 799, note 232. Asbestos, Vol. 1 (No. 1), Asbestos Institute, Quebec (1985).
• p. 799, note 233. Bates, D.V., "Asbestos: Promotion or Prohibition?" Can. Med. Assoc. J. 136:107-109 (1987). In our library: Asbestos: promotion or prohibition?
• p. 799, note 234. Forget, C., "Dusty Reply," The Economist, p. 8 (Dec. 12, 1987). See also: Asbestos: promotion or prohibition?
• p. 799, note 235. Proceedings Meeting on Asbestos and Health in Latin America, pp. 74-75. (M. Mitastein, Ed.) Pan American Health Org., Mexico City (1987).
• p. 800, note 236. Sentes, R., "Canada's Hazardous Defense of Asbestos," Financial Times of Canada, p. 41 (Sept. 25, 1989). And personal communications to the author, 1995.
• p. 801, note 237. Castleman, B.I., "Controversies at International Organizations over Asbestos Industry Influence," Internat. J. Health Serv. 31:193-202 (2001). In our library: Controversies at international organizations over asbestos industry influence.
• p. 801, note 238. Castleman, B.I., "WTO Confidential: the Case of Asbestos," Internat. J. Health Serv. 32:489-501 (2002). In our library: WTO confidential: the case of asbestos. World Trade Organization.
• p. 802, note 239. "Call for an International Ban on Asbestos," Amer. J. Indust. Med. 36:227-229 (1999).
• p. 802, note 240. Castleman, B., "Health, too, is an Issue in South African Mines," New York Times (May 26, 1985).
• p. 803, note 241. Sluis-Cremer, G.K., Response to questions at conference, "The Third Wave of Abestos Disease," New York (June 7, 1990). Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. Vol. 643:194 (1991).
• p. 803, note 242. Felix, M.A. Leger, J-P., and R.I. Ehrlich, "Three Minerals, Three Epidemics—Asbestos Mining and Disease in South Africa," Adv. Mod. Envir. Tox. 22:265-286 (1994).
• p. 803, note 243. Selikoff, I.J., Personal communication to the author.

CONTINUING GLOBAL ASBESTOS STRUGGLE

• p. 805, note 244. Ban Asbestos Canada http://www.bacanada.org.

Shattering of Trade Union Opposition

• p. 806, note 245. The 260,000 members of the CAW make it the largest private sector union in Canada; website: www.caw.ca/healthsafetyenvironment

Asbestos-Related Disease in Canada

• p. 807, note 246. De Guire L., Camus M., Case B. et al. épidémiologie des maladies reliées à l'exposition à l'amiante au Québec. Published by the Institut National de Santé Publique Québec. November 14, 2003: http://www.inspq.qc.ca/pdf/publications/222-EpidemiologieExpositionAmiante.pdf
• p. 807, note 247. Of the 3,500 cases of lung cancer diagnosed in Québec in 1998, up to 525 could be related to occupational asbestos exposure; the total number of lung cancer cases compensated by the WCB between 1988-1997 was 210.
• p. 807, note 248. Kazan-Allen L., "Canadian Asbestos: A Global Concern." Internat. J. Occup. Environ. Health, 10:121-143 (2004). In our library: Canadian asbestos: a global concern.
• p. 807, note 249. Dougherty K., "White asbestos not safer: studies." The Gazette. November 17, 2003.
• p. 807, note 250. Dougherty K., "Asbestos alarm sounded." The Gazette. October 30, 2003.
• p. 808, note 251. Dougherty K., "Asbestos report derided as fraud." The Gazette. October 31, 2003.
• p. 808, note 252. On September 9, 2003, an AI press release trumpeted "conclusive results" which confirmed the validity of their safe use philosophy: "The finding that chrysotile has a biopersistence of 16 days shows once again that safe and responsible use of Québec chrysotile is possible ..." These conclusions are fatally flawed according to independent scientists. The question of biopersistence is a red herring. Many chemicals don't last long in the body, but along the way they cause cancer. Dr. David Egilman: "There is a scientific consensus that the cancer process starts within hours, days or weeks after exposure. Even the Canadians admit chrysotile causes lung cancer, therefore biopersistence does not explain pathogenicity." According to Canadian Journalist Peter Gorrie, this study was supported by the AI and the Government of Québec to the tune of $1,000,000. See also: The biopersistence of Canadian chrysotile asbestos following inhalation.

You Will Use Asbestos, Canadians Are Told

• p. 808, note 253. Clement Godbout "International Developments-Canada," International Conference on Chrysotile Cement Products in New Delhi, India. November 10-11, 2003.
• p. 809, note 254. Deputy Minister Draft Directive: Use of Chrysotile Asbestos. November 13, 2001.
• p. 809, note 255. Rubin K., "Canada should stop soft-pedalling asbestos." The Hill Times. September 22, 2003.
• p. 809, note 256. Press Release: Government of Canada Continues Promoting Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos. December 8, 2003. website: http://www.news.gc.ca (accessed December 9, 2003). Although the $775,000 donation was announced by the Government of Canada, the money is coming from: Canada Economic Development for Québec Regions and Natural Resources Canada.

Canadian Support for Overseas Asbestos Promotion

• p. 810, note 257. Concluding his welcoming address to delegates, Shri A K Sharaf, Chairman of the Asbestos Cement Products Manufacturers' Association (India), said: "I am sure the deliberations of this conference will become guiding beacons of the World to take right decision for a material Nature has given to mankind."

Aggressive Campaign by Indian Asbestos Interests

• p. 811, note 258. Press Release: International Conference on Chrysotile Asbestos Cement Products 2003 in New Delhi by the Asbestos Cement Products Manufacturers' Association. November 10, 2003. A report from Gopal Krishna on November 12, 2003, noted the presence at the New Delhi conference of delegates from Russia, Kazakhstan, Greece, U.S., Canada, Iran, France, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe. Switzerland, Sri Lanka, Poland, Cuba, El Salvador, South Africa, Thailand, Brazil, Philippines, Mexico, Belgium and Indonesia.
• p. 811, note 259. The 58th Governing Council meeting of the Asbestos International Association was held at the London Marriott Hotel on June 10 & 11, 2002. Included "Situation Report, Asbestos Information Centre, New Delhi Nov. 29, 2001."
• p. 812, note 260. Authorship unacknowledged. Scientific findings squash asbestos cement myths at international conference. Special Sponsored Feature. Business Standard. January 9, 2004. On October 21, 2003, the article "Indian asbestos cement not a health hazard" appeared in The Hindu Business Line. On November 5, 2003, in an article entitled "Asbestos cement products are safe," The Financial Express reported the following assertion by Mr. G. Vivekanand, Chairman of the Chrysotile Asbestos Cement Products Manufacturers' Association: "Asbestos cement products in India have only 8 per cent of asbestos fibre, whereas in the US ACPs used in insulation material have 70 per cent, yet it is not banned there."
• p. 812, note 261. Ramanathan, A.L., and V. Subramanian, "Present Status of Asbestos Mining and Related Health Problems in India-A Survey," Indust. Health 39:309-315 (2001). In our library: Present status of asbestos mining and related health problems in India--a survey.

Indian Government Promotes Asbestos

• p. 812, note 262. The countries which backed the Canadian opposition to the listing of chrysotile as a dangerous substance were: Russia, India, Ukraine, China, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, South Africa and Colombia; the countries in favor of the inclusion of chrysotile on the PIC list were: the 15 European Union Member States, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Gambia, Congo, Egypt and Morocco.
• p. 813, note 263. Asbestos producers, including Canada, block proposed ban on imports. November 18, 2003. Website: http://www.canoe.com/WorldTicker/ (accessed November 22, 2003).
• p. 833, note 264. Press Release: WWF slams Canada and Russia for blocking listing of asbestos as a dangerous substance. November 18, 2003. Website: www.panda.org [WWF is a conservation organization.]

The International Campaign

• p. 814, note 265. Galvao, A., and E. Cuelho, "Pesquisadores absolvem amianto usado no Brasil (researchers absolve asbestos used in Brazil)," Estado de Sao Paulo (July 1, 1999).
• p. 814, note 266. Landrigan, P., et al., "Dr. T.K. Joshi and Asbestos in India: A Message from the Collegium Ramazzini," Amer. J. Indust. Med. 45:125-128 (2004). In our library: Dr. T.K. Joshi and asbestos in India: a message from the Collegium Ramazzini.

Ban Momentum Grows

• p. 814, note 267. Dresden Declaration on the Protection of Workers against Asbestos. Website: http://www.hvbg.de/d/asbest/d/declarat.pdf (accessed October 10, 2003).
• p. 815, note 268. http://www.everite.co.za/asbestosregulations/AsbestosRegulations2001.pdf
• p. 816, note 269. Report of the Committee. Thirteenth Session of the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health. International Labor Organization. December, 2003. website: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/health/session13/