Stimulatory effects of the ionic products from Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro

Our plain-English summary of Stimulatory effects of the ionic products from Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, by W. Zhai, H. Lu, C. Wu, et al (Acta Biomaterialia, 2013).

The study

• Authors: W. Zhai, H. Lu, C. Wu, L. Chen, X. Lin, K. Naoki, G. Chen, J. Chang
• Journal: Acta Biomaterialia
• Published: 2013;9(8):8004-14
• Cited by: 128 articles, as counted by NIH iCite
• Read it: PubMed · Publisher

Abstract

Ideal biomaterials for bone tissue engineering should have the capability to guide the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and, at the same time, to stimulate angiogenesis of endothelia cells. In this study it was found that three Ca-Mg-Si-containing bioceramics (bredigite Ca7MgSi4O16, akermanite Ca2MgSi2O7 and diopside CaMgSi2O6) had osteogenic and angiogenic potential. The effects of three silicate ceramics on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and the angiogenesis of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were explored in comparison with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics. The proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and bone-related gene expression (COL1, ALPase, OP, BSP and OC) of hBMSCs were significantly enhanced upon stimulation with ionic extracts of these silicate bioceramics. In addition, the results showed that extracts from the three silicate bioceramics also stimulated HAEC proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis with improved NO synthesis and angiogenic gene expression (KDR, FGFR1, ACVRL1 and NOS3). Among the three silicate ceramics bredigite showed the highest osteogenic and angiogenic potential and with the highest extract Si (possibly Si(OH)3O(-)) concentration, while diopside had the lowest osteogenic and angiogenic potential with the lowest extract Si concentration. Furthermore, it was found that the concentration of Si ions in extracts of the three silicate bioceramics was obviously higher than that of β-TCP ceramics, indicating an important role of Si ions in stimulating cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. The results suggest that the silicate-based akermanite and bredigite ceramics might be good scaffold biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications due to their distinctive dual functions of osteogenesis/angiogenesis stimulation.

Copyright © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In plain English

This laboratory study does not concern asbestos. It tested liquid extracts from three calcium-magnesium-silicon ceramics (bredigite, akermanite and diopside) proposed as bone-repair materials. The extracts were compared with an extract of a calcium phosphate ceramic (beta-tricalcium phosphate, beta-TCP) and with plain culture medium. Human bone marrow stem cells and human aortic endothelial cells (cells lining blood vessels) were grown with diluted extracts. The silicate extracts contained much more silicon than the beta-TCP extract. At suitable dilutions they increased stem-cell growth, activity of the bone-related enzyme alkaline phosphatase, and bone-related gene activity. At the strongest concentrations they slightly inhibited growth. The beta-TCP extract did not obviously affect stem-cell growth. In the vessel cells, all three silicate extracts raised nitric oxide production. The akermanite and bredigite extracts also increased KDR, FGFR1 and ACVRL1 gene activity. The diopside and beta-TCP extracts produced fewer vessel-like structures, and diopside raised only ACVRL1. The authors concluded that the effects depended on silicon concentration and that these ceramics may be useful for bone regeneration. They noted that the dish experiments may not represent conditions in the living body.

We wrote this plain-English summary from the full article with the help of AI, and a second AI model checked each sentence against the article. It is not the authors' wording; the abstract and the article are their own account.

What the study did and found

• Design: in vitro laboratory experiment (cell culture with ceramic extracts); not a study of asbestos
• Who was studied: commercially obtained human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) grown in culture; no human subjects
• Exposure: ionic extracts of bredigite, akermanite and diopside ceramic powders, compared with beta-tricalcium phosphate extract and plain medium, at dilutions from 1/2 to 1/512; no asbestos or mineral fibers were studied
• Main results:
  • Silicon concentrations in the undiluted extracts were 4.396 (akermanite), 9.446 (bredigite) and 1.908 (diopside) mmol per litre
  • By day 5, stem-cell growth was significantly stimulated by the akermanite, bredigite and diopside extracts at dilutions of 1/64 to 1/256, 1/64 to 1/512, and 1/128 respectively
  • At the highest concentrations, the silicate extracts slightly inhibited stem-cell growth
  • The beta-TCP extract did not obviously affect stem-cell growth
  • The silicate extracts induced higher alkaline phosphatase activity in stem cells than the other ceramic groups and the control
  • The bredigite and akermanite extracts, which had higher silicon content, induced more bone-related gene expression than the diopside extract
  • Endothelial cell growth with the diopside and beta-TCP extracts did not differ significantly from the control after 4 days
  • Endothelial cells in all three silicate extract groups produced more nitric oxide than cells in the beta-TCP extract and control groups
  • NOS3 gene expression in endothelial cells with the akermanite and bredigite extracts at 1/64 dilution was nearly twice that of the control and beta-TCP groups
  • Endothelial cells with the diopside and beta-TCP extracts formed fewer vessel-like structures than those with the akermanite and bredigite extracts
  • Akermanite and bredigite extracts at 1/64 dilution significantly enhanced KDR, FGFR1 and ACVRL1 gene expression in endothelial cells
  • The diopside extract at 1/64 dilution enhanced only ACVRL1 gene expression, not KDR or FGFR1
• The authors' conclusion: The authors concluded that the stimulatory effect depended on silicon concentration and that Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics may have a dual bone-forming and vessel-forming stimulatory ability
• Limitations the authors state:
  • The static laboratory experiments may not represent the real situation in the living body; the authors call for further in vivo studies

Topics

The National Library of Medicine indexes this study under subjects our site covers: Tremolite.

Medical terms in this study, explained in our Lexicon: Angiogenesis, STEM, Diopside, Silicate.

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