Biodegradable mesoporous calcium-magnesium silicate-polybutylene succinate scaffolds for osseous tissue engineering

Our plain-English summary of Biodegradable mesoporous calcium-magnesium silicate-polybutylene succinate scaffolds for osseous tissue engineering, by X. Zhang, C. Zhang, W. Xu, et al (International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2015).

The study

• Authors: X. Zhang, C. Zhang, W. Xu, B. Zhong, F. Lin, J. Zhang, Q. Wang, J. Ji, J. Wei, Y. Zhang
• Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine
• Published: 2015;10:6699-708
• Cited by: 10 articles, as counted by NIH iCite
• Read it: PubMed · Publisher · Free full text

Abstract

The structural features of bone engineering scaffolds are expected to exhibit osteoinductive behavior and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, we employed synthesized ordered mesoporous calcium-magnesium silicate (om-CMS) and polybutylene succinate (PBSu) to develop a novel scaffold with potential applications in osseous tissue engineering. The characteristics, in vitro bioactivity of om-CMS/PBSu scaffold, as well as the cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 cells to the composite were investigated. Our results showed that the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold possesses a large surface area and highly ordered channel pores, resulting in improved degradation and biocompatibility compared to the PBSu scaffold. Moreover, the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold exhibited significantly higher bioactivity and induced apatite formation on its surface after immersion in the simulated body fluid. In addition, the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold provided a high surface area for cell attachment and released Ca, Mg, and Si ions to stimulate osteoblast proliferation. The unique surface characteristics and higher biological efficacy of the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold suggest that it has great potential for being developed into a system that can be employed in osseous tissue engineering.

In plain English

This laboratory study does not concern asbestos. The authors made a bone-repair scaffold by blending a lab-made porous calcium-magnesium silicate powder (om-CMS) with a biodegradable plastic, polybutylene succinate (PBSu), 40:60 by weight. They compared it with PBSu alone. The blended scaffold had a surface area of 891 m2/g and pores of about 13 nm. In simulated body fluid, the pH around PBSu alone fell to 5.6 by week 12, while around the blend it was 7.0. PBSu alone kept 57.1% (plus or minus 3.2%) of its weight at 12 weeks. The blend lost weight steadily, about 3% per week, and 38% in total over 12 weeks. The blend released magnesium and calcium into the fluid and showed a new X-ray signal that the authors read as possible apatite, a bone-like mineral. Mouse bone-forming cells (MC3T3-E1 line) attached in greater numbers to the blend than to PBSu alone. At day 7, their measured proliferation on the blend was about 2.4 times that on PBSu. The authors concluded the blend is a promising material for bone repair.

We wrote this plain-English summary from the full article with the help of AI, and a second AI model checked each sentence against the article. It is not the authors' wording; the abstract and the article are their own account.

What the study did and found

• Design: Laboratory (in vitro) materials study: making and testing a scaffold material, with experiments on cells grown in culture
• Who was studied: Disc-shaped scaffold samples made in the laboratory, and the mouse bone-forming cell line MC3T3-E1 grown on them. The authors are from institutions in Shanghai, China. The number of samples is not stated.
• Exposure: Scaffolds of om-CMS blended with PBSu (40:60 by weight), compared with scaffolds of PBSu alone. No asbestos or asbestos fibers were studied.
• Main results:
  • The om-CMS/PBSu scaffold had an average pore size of about 13 nm and a surface area of 891 m2/g.
  • In simulated body fluid, the pH with PBSu alone fell from 7.4 to 7.1 over the first 8 weeks, then fell sharply to 5.6 by week 12. With the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold, the pH was 7.0 at week 12.
  • PBSu alone kept 91.3% (plus or minus 2.1%) of its starting weight after 8 weeks and 57.1% (plus or minus 3.2%) after 12 weeks. The om-CMS/PBSu scaffold lost weight steadily at about 3% per week. The authors' conclusion gives a 38% weight loss over 12 weeks.
  • Magnesium and calcium concentrations in the fluid around the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold reached 47 and 261 mg/L respectively at 96 hours.
  • After 5 days in simulated body fluid, a new X-ray diffraction peak appeared on the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold. The authors interpreted it as possible apatite formation.
  • In microscope images, coating with fibronectin (a protein) increased cell attachment to both materials, and more MC3T3-E1 cells attached to om-CMS/PBSu than to PBSu. No counts are given.
  • After 7 days of culture, measured proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on om-CMS/PBSu was about 2.4 times that of cells on PBSu (P less than 0.05 compared with PBSu).
• The authors' conclusion: The authors concluded that, because of its increased bioactivity and biocompatibility, the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold is believed to be a promising orthopedic implant material for bone repair.

Topics

The National Library of Medicine indexes this study under subjects our site covers: Tremolite.

Medical terms in this study, explained in our Lexicon: Silicate, Simulated Body Fluid.

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