Dugger v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (2017)

Our plain-English summary of Dugger v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (U.S. District Court, District of Maryland, May 5, 2017).

The estate and family of John C. Dugger, Sr. sued manufacturers and distributors of asbestos-containing products, and Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., in Baltimore City state court. Dugger served in the Navy in the 1960s. He was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma in November 2015 and died in February 2016. The plaintiffs allege Crane Co. sold the Navy rope and valves designed for use with asbestos-containing packing, rope and gaskets, and failed to warn of the hazards. Crane Co. removed the case to federal court under the federal officer removal statute, relying on the government contractor defense. The plaintiffs moved to send the case back to state court. The question was whether Crane Co. had plausibly alleged a colorable federal defense, that it acted under a federal officer, and a causal nexus. Relying on affidavits about Navy specifications and the Navy's knowledge of asbestos hazards, the court found each element plausibly alleged. It denied the motion to remand, so the case stayed in federal court.

We wrote this summary from the court's opinion with the help of AI. It is not the court's wording, and it is not legal advice. The full opinion is below.

The decision

• Court: U.S. District Court, District of Maryland
• Decided: May 5, 2017
• Stage: Jurisdiction, venue or removal
• State: Maryland

Outcome. The district court denied the plaintiffs' motion to remand to state court, keeping the case in federal court on Crane Co.'s federal officer removal.

What the court held. A defendant may remove under the federal officer removal statute if it plausibly alleges that it acted under a federal officer, that it has a colorable federal defense such as the government contractor defense, and that there is a causal nexus to the charged conduct. It does not have to prove the defense to keep the case in federal court.

Issues decided: Government Contractor Defense and Removal, Venue, Removal and Transfer.

The people and their exposure

• John C. Dugger, Sr.: pleural mesothelioma; died

Who	Work	Where	When	Products
John C. Dugger, Sr.	served in the United States Navy; military service		1960s	gaskets and packing, Crane Co. valves and rope designed for use with asbestos-containing packing, rope, and gaskets

The defendants

• Crane Co. (manufacturer)
• Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. (insurer)

Decisions this opinion cites

Earlier decisions in our library that the court cited:

• Cuomo v. Crane Co. (U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 2014). The Second Circuit reversed the district court's order remanding the case to state court, holding that Crane Co. had shown a colorable federal contractor defense sufficient for federal officer removal, so Crane won and Susan Cuomo lost the remand.
• Leite v. Crane Co. (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 2014). The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district courts' denial of the plaintiffs' motions to remand, holding Crane Co. had shown by a preponderance of the evidence a colorable government contractor defense and a causal nexus supporting federal officer removal.
• Sawyer v. Fibreboard Corp. (In re Hawaii Federal Asbestos Cases) (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 1991). The Ninth Circuit affirmed the judgments entered on jury verdicts for the plaintiffs in all four cases, rejecting the appeals of Fibreboard and Owens-Illinois.
• Grispo v. Eagle-Picher Indus. (In re Joint E. & S. Dist. New York Asbestos Lit.) (U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 1990). The Second Circuit affirmed the denial of Eagle-Picher's summary judgment motion on the military contractor defense, vacated the grant of summary judgment for the workers striking that defense, and remanded for further proceedings.
• Rhodes v. McIC, Inc. (U.S. District Court, District of Maryland, 2016). The court denied the plaintiffs' motion to remand and their alternative motion to sever and remand the non-Crane Co. claims, so Crane Co. kept its federal forum under the federal officer removal statute.
• Citrano v. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc. (U.S. District Court, District of Maryland, 2014). The district court denied the plaintiffs' motion to remand the case to state court, or to sever and remand the claims against the non-removing defendants, so General Electric kept its federal forum.
• Hagen v. Benjamin Foster Co. (U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 2010). The court denied plaintiff Donna Hagen's motion to remand to New Jersey state court, holding that defendants Foster Wheeler and General Electric properly removed under the federal officer removal statute.

The court's opinion

The text below is Google Scholar's copy of the court's opinion, a public record. Numbers in brackets, such as [*921], mark where each page of the printed reporter begins.

JOHN C. DUGGER, JR., as Personal Representative of the Estate of JOHN C. DUGGER, SR., etal.

v.

AIR & LIQUID SYSTEMS CORPORATION, as successor in interest to Buffalo Pumps, Inc., etal.

Civil No. CCB-16-3912.

May 5, 2017.

United States District Court, D. Maryland.

John Dugger, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos. John Dugger, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos. Melody Natishin, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

John Dugger, Jr., Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

Dana Buzgierski, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

Rana Sanchez, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

Matthew Dugger, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

Julia Dugger, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

To The Use of Sandra Dugger, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

To The Use of Sandra Dugger, Plaintiff, represented by Andrew M. Cantor, Law Offices of Peter G. Angelos & James Edward Garland, Law Offices of Peter Angelos.

John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., Defendant, represented by Leianne S. McEvoy, Miles and Stockbridge PC. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Hampshire Industries, Inc., Defendant, represented by David W. Allen, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP & Terri Lynn Goldberg, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP.

Lloyd E. Mitchell, Inc., Defendant, represented by Jason Richard Waters, Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman and Dicker & Helyna M. Haussler, Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman and Dicker LLP.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

MCIC, Inc., Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. General Electric Company, Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Cooper Industries, Inc., Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pfizer, Inc., Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Foster Wheeler LLC, Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Phelps Packing and Rubber Co., Defendant, represented by William Carlos Parler, Jr., Parler and Wobber LLP. Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Tate Engineering Systems, Inc., Defendant, represented by Frank F. Daily, III, Law Offices of Frank F. Daily PA. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Zurn Industries, LLC, Defendant, represented by Malcolm Sean Brisker, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP & Terri Lynn Goldberg, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP.

Weil-McLain, Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Burnham, LLC, Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Riley Power, Inc, Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC & Jermaine Derville Haughton, Miles & Stockbridge P.C..

Superior Boiler Works, Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Honeywell International Inc., Defendant, represented by Matthew R. Schroll, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Goodrich Corporation, Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Dana Companies, LLC, Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Ford Motor Company, Inc., Defendant, represented by Michelle Noorani, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Friction Materials Inc., Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Holman Enterprises, Inc., Defendant, represented by Malcolm Sean Brisker, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP & Terri Lynn Goldberg, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP.

Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Maremont Corporation, Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Pneumo Abex Corporation, Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Parker-Hannifin Corporation, Defendant, represented by Elizabeth Johanna Gibbon, Troutman Sanders LLP. Genuine Parts Company, Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. Standard Motor Products, Inc., Defendant, represented by Elizabeth Johanna Gibbon, Troutman Sanders LLP. Eaton Corporation, Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP & Michelle Noorani, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Navistar, Inc., Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Mack Truck, Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Paccar, Inc., Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Alfa Laval, Inc., Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Carver Pump Co., Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Elliott Turbomachinery Co., Inc., Defendant, represented by Steven Andrew Luxton, Morgan Lewis and Bockius LLP. FMC Corporation, Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Goulds Pumps (IPG), Inc., Defendant, represented by Steven Andrew Luxton, Morgan Lewis and Bockius LLP. Howden Buffalo, Inc., Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. M.T. Davidson Co., Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Viking Pump, Defendant, represented by Malcolm Sean Brisker, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP & Terri Lynn Goldberg, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP.

Warren Pumps, Inc., Defendant, represented by Malcolm Sean Brisker, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP & Terri Lynn Goldberg, Goodell DeVries Leech and Dann LLP.

BW/IP International, Inc., Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Atwood & Morrill, Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP.

Patterson Pump Company, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Velan Valve Corp., Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Flowserve Corporation, Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC, Jermaine Derville Haughton, Miles & Stockbridge P.C. & Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Flowserve US Inc., Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

The William Powell Company, Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. GTE Products of Connecticut Corporation, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Gorman-Rupp Company, Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP. Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP. Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP. Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Crane Co., Cross Claimant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Claimant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP. Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP.

Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Burnham, LLC, Cross Claimant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Claimant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC.

Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

FMC Corporation, Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Tate Engineering Systems, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Frank F. Daily, III, Law Offices of Frank F. Daily PA. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Claimant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Pfizer, Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC.

Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP.

BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC.

Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP. Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Riley Power, Inc, Cross Claimant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

The William Powell Company, Cross Claimant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Claimant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Claimant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Claimant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Ingersoll-Rand Co., Individually and as Parent corporation and Successor-in-Interest to Terry Steam Turbines, f/k/a Terry Turbines, Blaw-Knox Co., and Cameron Pumps, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC.

Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP.

BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Carver Pump Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. GTE Products of Connecticut Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Genuine Parts Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Howden Buffalo, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Leianne S. McEvoy, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Patterson Pump Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Claimant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Carver Pump Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. GTE Products of Connecticut Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Genuine Parts Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Howden Buffalo, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Leianne S. McEvoy, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Patterson Pump Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Phelps Packing and Rubber Co., Cross Claimant, represented by William Carlos Parler, Jr., Parler and Wobber LLP. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Carver Pump Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. GTE Products of Connecticut Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Genuine Parts Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Honeywell International Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Matthew R. Schroll, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Howden Buffalo, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Leianne S. McEvoy, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Patterson Pump Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Phelps Packing and Rubber Co., Cross Defendant, represented by William Carlos Parler, Jr., Parler and Wobber LLP. Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Tate Engineering Systems, Inc., Cross Claimant, represented by Frank F. Daily, III, Law Offices of Frank F. Daily PA. A.O. Smith Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC & Thomas L. Doran, DeCaro Doran Siciliano Gallagher and DeBlasis LLP.

Air and Liquid Systems Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Alfa Laval, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Atwood & Morrill, Cross Defendant, represented by Gerry H. Tostanoski, Tydings and Rosenberg LLP. BW/IP International, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Borgwarner Morse Tec, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Pamela Thomas Broache, Goldberg Segalla.

Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Burnham, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Carlisle Companies, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Carver Pump Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Certainteed Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura A. Cellucci, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cleaver-Brooks, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Cooper Industries, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Copes-Vulcan, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Crane Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC & Rachelle A. Schofield, MacDonald Law Group, LLC.

Crown, Cork and Seal Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Daimler Trucks North America, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

Dana Companies, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

E.L. Stebbing & Co., Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Eaton Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Warren N. Weaver, Whiteford Taylor and Preston LLP. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. FMC Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Flowserve Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Flowserve US Inc.,, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Foster Wheeler LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Friction Materials Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. GTE Products of Connecticut Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. General Electric Company, Cross Defendant, represented by David J. Quigg, Meringer Zois and Quigg LLC. Genuine Parts Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. Georgia-Pacific, LLC, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Goodrich Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by John C. Ruff, DeHay and Elliston LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Greene, Tweed & Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Honeywell International Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Matthew R. Schroll, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Howden Buffalo, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Siobhan R. Keenan, Baxter Baker Sidle Conn and Jones PA. J.H. France Refractories Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Jerguson Gage & Valve Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Leianne S. McEvoy, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Keeler/Door-Oliver Boiler Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Kelsey-Hayes Co., Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Lear Siegler Diversified Holdings Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Robert Dale Klein, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA.

M.T. Davidson Co., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott Hamilton Phillips, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC. MCIC, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC. Mack Truck, Cross Defendant, represented by Eric Michael Leppo, Semmes Bowen and Semmes PC.

Maremont Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Navistar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael Thomas Wharton, Wharton Levin Ehrmantraut and Klein PA. Paccar, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

Paramount Packing & Rubber, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Laura D. Abenes, Gavett, Datt Barish PC. Patterson Pump Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. Pfizer, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Phelps Packing and Rubber Co., Cross Defendant, represented by William Carlos Parler, Jr., Parler and Wobber LLP. Pneumo Abex Corporation, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Riley Power, Inc, Cross Defendant, represented by Vincent J. Palmiotto, DeHay & Elliston, LLP & Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP.

Schneider Electric USA, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Neil Joseph MacDonald, MacDonald Law Group, LLC. Superior Boiler Works, Cross Defendant, represented by Robin Silver, Miles and Stockbridge PC. Tate Engineering Systems, Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Frank F. Daily, III, Law Offices of Frank F. Daily PA. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The Gorman-Rupp Company, Cross Defendant, represented by F. Ford Loker, Jr., Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Pep Boys-Manny, Moe & Jack, Cross Defendant, represented by Douglas B. Pfeiffer, Miles and Stockbridge PC. The Wallace & Gale Asbestos Settlement Trust, Cross Defendant, represented by Theodore F. Roberts, Venable LLP & Scott Mason Richmond, Venable LLP.

The William Powell Company, Cross Defendant, represented by Patrick C. Smith, Dehay and Elliston LLP. Trane U.S. Inc., Cross Defendant, represented by Michael L. Haslup, Miles and Stockbridge PC.

Velan Valve Corp., Cross Defendant, represented by Anthony B. Taddeo, TaddeoSturm PLC & Louis E. Grenzer, Jr., Bodie, Dolina, Hobbs, Friddell & Grenzer, PC.

Weil-McLain, Cross Defendant, represented by Scott J. McDowell, Goldberg Segalla LLP & Thomas Peter Bernier, Goldberg Segalla.

MEMORANDUM

CATHERINE C. BLAKE, District Judge.

In this products liability case, the estate of John C. Dugger and others have sued various manufacturers and distributors of asbestos-containing products and insurer Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. (Compl., ECF No. 2; Mot. for Remand Mem. Law, ECF No. 338-1, 2). The plaintiffs filed suit in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City on October 26, 2016. (Compl.). On December 7, 2016, one defendant — Crane Co. — removed the case to the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. (Notice of Removal, ECF No. 1). The plaintiffs moved to remand the case to state court on January 6, 2017. (Mot for Remand, ECF No. 338). Crane Co. responded, (Resp. in Opp'n to Mot. for Remand, ECF No. 351), and the plaintiffs replied, (Reply, ECF No. 355).[1] No oral argument is necessary. See Local Rule 105.6 (D. Md. 2016). For the reasons set forth below, the court will deny the plaintiffs' motion for remand.

BACKGROUND

John C. Dugger, Sr. ("Dugger") served in the United States Navy during the 1960s. On November 2, 2015, he was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma; according to the plaintiffs, he contracted this form of cancer "as a result of being exposed to and inhaling asbestos-containing dust while serving in the United States Navy." (Mot. for Remand Mem. Law 1-2). Dugger died on February 17, 2016; after his death, his estate filed suit in state court based on various causes of action, including state common-law products liability claims of strict liability and negligence against the manufacturers and distributors of asbestos-containing products. (Id.). Crane Co. allegedly manufactured and sold rope and valves to the Navy that were designed to be used with asbestos-containing packing, rope, and gaskets. (Id. 2). The complaint alleges Crane Co. failed to warn Dugger about the hazards associated with asbestos-containing products and/or products designed to be used with asbestos-containing components. (See id. 2-3).

According to Crane Co., removal is proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1), partly because Crane Co. has successfully invoked the government contractor defense to tort liability. (Notice of Removal ¶¶ 3, 7). To support its claim that this federal defense applies, Crane Co. has submitted affidavits from Anthony D. Pantaleoni ("Pantaleoni"), David P. Sargent, Jr. ("Sargent"), and Dr. Samuel A. Forman ("Dr. Forman") as attachments to its notice of removal. (Notice of Removal Exs. B, C, D, ECF Nos. 1-3, 1-4, 1-5).

LEGAL STANDARD

Under the federal officer removal statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a)(1), a defendant may remove a case to federal court if that defendant establishes (1) the defendant is either a federal officer or a "person acting under that officer," 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a) (1); (2) a "colorable" federal defense to the plaintiff's claims; and (3) the suit is "for a[n] act under color of office," which requires a causal nexus "between the charged conduct and asserted official authority." Ripley v. Foster Wheeler LLC, 841 F.3d 207, 209-10 (4th Cir. 2016) (quoting Jefferson Cty., Ala. v. Acker, 527 U.S. 423, 431 (1999)).[2] One of the purposes of federal officer removal is to provide a federal forum for a federal defense. Id. at 210 (citing Willingham v. Morgan, 395 U.S. 402, 407 (1969)). Accordingly, a defendant's use of § 1442(a)(1) "should not be frustrated by a narrow, grudging interpretation" of the statute. See Willingham, 395 U.S. at 406-07; see also Kolibash v. Comm. on Legal Ethics of W. Va. Bar, 872 F.2d 571, 576 (4th Cir. 1989) ("[T]he right of removal conferred by § 1442(a)(1) is to be broadly construed."). To defeat a motion for remand, a defendant need only plausibly allege the existence of each element under § 1442(a)(1). See Joyner v. A.C. & R. Insulation Co., 2013 WL 877125, at [*6] (D. Md. Mar. 7, 2013), aff'd sub nom. Wood v. Crane Co., 764

F.3d 316 (4th Cir. 2014); cf. Ellenburg v. Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc., 519 F.3d 192, 199-200 (4th Cir. 2008) (a notice of removal need not "meet a higher pleading standard than the one imposed on a plaintiff in drafting an initial complaint"). ANALYSIS

On at least two separate occasions, the district court in Maryland has examined asbestos products-liability claims against Crane Co. similar to those here. In both of those cases, the court has denied a motion for remand after considering evidence similar to the evidence Crane Co. now offers. See Joyner, 2013 WL 877125; Rhodes v. MCIC, Inc., 210 F. Supp. 3d 778 (D. Md. 2016). Circuit courts also have examined similar claims against Crane Co. and similar evidence, and they also have concluded removal was permissible. See, e.g., Cuomo v. Crane Co., 771 F.3d 113 (2d Cir. 2014); Leite v. Crane Co., 749 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2014). For the reasons explained below, the court also will deny the motion for remand here. Although Crane Co. must satisfy all three elements under § 1442(a)(1), the primary issue is whether it has raised a colorable federal defense. Accordingly, the court will examine that issue first.

a. Colorable Federal Defense

In order for removal to be proper, Crane must establish a "colorable" federal defense. The defense in question here is the government contractor defense, which precludes state-law tort liability for a contractor's failure to warn if (1) the federal government exercised its discretion and approved certain warnings for the products supplied by the contractor; (2) the warnings provided by the contractor conformed to the federal specifications; and (3) the contractor warned the government about dangers known to the contractor but not to the government.[3] Rhodes, 210 F. Supp. 3d at 781. Although the government contractor defense may apply in failure-to-warn products liability cases, see Ripley, 841 F.3d at 210-11, the plaintiffs claim the defense as raised by Crane Co. is not "colorable," (see Mot. for Remand Mem. Law 21). A "colorable" federal defense is one that is plausible. See, e.g., Bennett v. MIS Corp., 607 F.3d 1076, 1089 (6th Cir. 2010). To prove the government contractor defense is "colorable," Crane Co. must allege facts that demonstrate the defense plausibly shields it from liability for its alleged failure to warn Dugger of the dangers associated with asbestos exposure. See Joyner, 2013 WL 877215, at [*8]. "Proof of a `colorable' federal defense thus does not require the defendant to `win his case before he can have it removed' nor even establish that the defense is `clearly sustainable.'" Ripley, 841 F.3d at 210 (quoting Willingham, 395 U.S. at 407). That is, a court need not "dissect the facts" or "weigh the quantum of evidence," because "[i]t is the sufficiency of the facts stated — not the weight of the proof presented — that matters." Hagen v. Benjamin Foster Co., 739 F. Supp. 2d 770, 782-83 (E.D. Pa. 2010); see also Rhodes, 210 F. Supp. 3d at 782 (D. Md. 2016) ("Cases dwelling on the exactness of `proof' or `evidence' to support the defense are not persuasive.").

Crane Co. has plausibly alleged the three elements of the government contractor defense. First, it has plausibly alleged the government exercised its discretion and approved warnings (if any) for products that Crane Co. supplied to the Navy. In its notice of removal, Crane Co. states that "the Navy provided Crane Co. with precise specifications regarding its products." (Notice of Removal ¶ 11). Sargent, a retired Rear Admiral of the United States Navy, stated in his affidavit that "the Navy developed precise specifications as to the nature of any markings, communication or directions affixed to or made a part of any equipment supplied. . . for ultimate use aboard Navy ships." (Sargent Aff. ¶¶ 1, 58). Sargent further attested that " [m]anufacturers of components and equipment were not permitted, under the specifications, associated regulations and procedures, nor under the actual practice as it evolved in the field, to include any type of warning or caution statement in instruction books or technical manuals, beyond those required and approved by the Navy without prior discussion and approval by the Navy." (Id. ¶ 60). This satisfies the first element of the defense. See Joyner, 2013 WL 877125, at [*8] & n.7. Crane Co. also has plausibly alleged that warnings it provided conformed to federal specifications or that its failure to provide warnings was attributable to governmental regulations. In its notice of removal, Crane Co. claimed it "delivered products that conformed to [the Navy's] specifications." (Notice of Removal ¶ 11). Its affidavits support this statement. Pantaleoni, who served as Crane Co.'s Vice President of Environment, Health and Safety at the time he made his affidavit in 2011, attested that Navy specifications "governed all aspects of a piece of equipment" and that "[a]ll equipment supplied by Crane Co. to the Navy was built in accordance with the Navy specifications." (Pantaleoni Aff. ¶¶ 5-6). Sargent attested that suppliers like Crane Co. "would not have been permitted, under the specifications, associated regulations and procedures, nor under the actual practice as it evolved in the field, to vary or to deviate in any respect from the Navy specifications in

supplying equipment, including affixing any type of warning or caution statement to equipment intended for installation in a Navy ship, beyond those specifically required by the Navy without prior discussion and express approval by the Navy." (Sargent Aff. ¶ 58). Valve manufacturers like Crane Co., Sargent added, "were required to comply with technical specifications in all details in order for the Navy to accept the equipment." (Id. ¶ 28). Crane Co. has plausibly alleged the second element of its defense.

Crane Co. also has plausibly alleged the third element of its defense. Crane Co. only needed to warn the government about asbestos hazards if Crane Co. knew more than the Navy about those hazards. Accordingly, Crane Co. satisfies this element if it plausibly shows the Navy knew as much or more about asbestos hazards than it did. See Rhodes, 210 F. Supp. 3d at 785. In its notice of removal, Crane Co. claims the Navy "possessed knowledge regarding the hazards of asbestos equal to or superior to its equipment suppliers, such as Crane Co." (Notice of Removal ¶ 11). In his affidavit, Dr. Forman supports that assertion. For instance, he stated that "at least by the 1940s, the Navy had become a leader in the field of occupational medicine relating to, among other things, asbestos dust inhalation exposure." (Forman Aff. ¶ 26). This suffices to plausibly allege the third element. See Rhodes, 210 F. Supp. 3d at 785.[4]

For these reasons, Crane Co. has sufficiently established a colorable federal defense.

b. Acting Under/Causal Nexus

In addition to establishing a "colorable" federal defense, Crane Co. also has plausibly alleged the existence of the other two prongs under § 1442(a)(1). First, it has sufficiently alleged it was a "person" that "acted under" the direction of a federal officer. Crane Co. is a "person" for § 1442(a)(1) purposes. See, e.g., Hagen, 739 F. Supp. 2d at 776 n.6. And a government contractor "acts under" a federal officer if it manufactures products for the United States subject to the "strict control" or "close supervision" of the federal government. See Watson v. Philip Morris Cos., 551 U.S. 142, 153-54 (2007); Winters v. Diamond Shamrock Chem. Co., 149 F.3d 387, 399 (5th Cir. 1998). For the same reasons discussed above, Crane Co. has plausibly alleged that it was acting under the strict control of the federal government when it manufactured and sold its products to the Navy. See Hagen, 739 F. Supp. 2d at 784-85 ("[A]ny defendant who satisfies the colorable defense requirement will necessarily meet the acting under requirement of Section 1442(a)(1) as well."). In its notice of removal, for example, Crane Co. states that its products "were designed and manufactured in accordance with precise contracts and specifications approved by the Navy," (Notice of Removal ¶ 9), and that the Navy exercised "strict control" over the design and manufacture of these products, (id. ¶ 10). Its affidavits further support that conclusion. For instance, Pantaleoni attested that the manufacture of equipment for the Navy "was governed by an extensive set of federal standards and specifications" and that "[a]ll equipment supplied by Crane Co. to the Navy was built in accordance with the Navy specifications." (Pantaleoni Aff. ¶¶ 5-6).

Lastly, Crane Co. has satisfied the "causal nexus" requirement, because it sufficiently established the government contractor defense. See Joyner, 2013 WL 877125, at [*9] (The "causal nexus" requirement "is ordinarily satisfied whenever the removing defendant is able to establish a colorable government contractor defense."); accord Rhodes, 210 F. Supp. 3d at 785.[5]

CONCLUSION

For the aforementioned reasons, the plaintiffs' motion for remand will be denied. A separate order follows. [1] On January 23, 2017, Crane Co. also filed a supplemental memorandum in opposition to the motion for remand. (Supplemental Mem. Law, ECF No. 352). This memorandum highlights a recent Fifth Circuit opinion, Zeringue v. Crane Co., 846 F.3d 785 (5th Cir. 2017), which Crane Co. believes further supports its position.

[2] 28 U.S.C. § 1442(a) provides, in relevant part, "A civil action. . . that is commenced in a State court and that is against or directed to any of the following may be removed by them to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending: (1) The United States or any agency thereof or any officer (or any person acting under that officer) of the United States or of any agency thereof, in an official or individual capacity, for or relating to any act under color of such office or on account of any right, title or authority claimed under any Act of Congress for the apprehension or punishment of criminals or the collection of the revenue." Such a defendant may remove the case without the consent of its codefendants. See Citrano v. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc., 1 F. Supp. 3d 459, 465 (D. Md. 2014).

[3] The Supreme Court originally explicated the government contractor defense in Boyle v. United Techs. Corp., holding that design defects in military equipment cannot give rise to state-law tort claims where: "(1) the United States approved reasonably precise specifications; (2) the equipment conformed to those specifications; and (3) the supplier warned the United States about the dangers in the use of the equipment that were known to the supplier but not to the United States." 487 U.S. 500, 512 (1988). Only where the contractor's obligations to the government conflict with state law may the contractor employ the defense. See id. at 507-08. In Ripley, the Fourth Circuit clarified that the government contractor defense may also be invoked in failure-to-warn cases.

[4] The plaintiffs also suggest the government contractor defense is not available here, because the products supplied by Crane Co. to the Navy were "standard, stock equipment" that were not specially manufactured pursuant to government specifications. (Mot. for Remand 17-18). See In re Hawaii Federal Asbestos Cases, 960 F.2d 806, 812 (9th Cir. 1992) (concluding such an exception exists). Even if this exception exists, however, the plaintiffs cite no evidence to support their claim that the products at issue here were "standard, stock equipment." Crane Co., on the other hand, has sufficiently alleged that the products it provided to the Navy were specially made for the federal government pursuant to Navy specifications. See, e.g., Joyner, 2013 WL 877125, at [*7]-9. At best, then, there is a factual dispute, which is not enough to grant the motion for remand. See Hagen, 739 F. Supp. 2d at 782-83.

[5] The plaintiffs claim that Crane Co. has failed to satisfy what it describes as a fourth element outlined in Ripley. As the Fourth Circuit noted in Ripley, the government contractor defense "only applies if a contractor's obligations to the government conflict with state law such that the contractor may not comply with both." 841 F.3d at 210 (citing Boyle, 487 U.S. at 507-09). According to the plaintiffs, this means the government contractor defense only applies if Crane Co. proves "that the applicable federal contracts at issue for the products to which Mr. Dugger was exposed included warning requirements (or precluded warnings) that were significantly in conflict with those which might be imposed upon Crane Co. by state law." (Mot. for Remand Mem. Law 23) (citing In re Joint E. & S. Dist. N.Y. Asbestos Litig., 897 F.2d 626, 630 (2d Cir. 1990)). The Second Circuit precedent cited by the plaintiffs appears to impose a "more onerous" standard with respect to the government contractor defense than the standard embraced by other circuits. Joyner, 2013 WL 877125, at [*8]. But even if that more onerous standard were applied here, Crane Co's allegations are sufficient to survive the motion for remand. See id.; see also Cuomo, 771 F.3d at 116-17 (rejecting the assertion that Crane Co. cannot establish a "colorable" government contractor defense in a failure-to-warn case simply "because it provided no evidence that the Navy prohibited or actively prescribed the content of any proposed asbestos labels").

Sources

• The opinion on Google Scholar
• Maryland asbestos laws
• Maryland asbestos exposure sites