Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (W.D. Wash., July 19, 2021)

Our plain-English summary of Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, July 19, 2021).

The family of John Dale Wineland sued Alfa Laval Inc. and other companies after he died in 2018 of mesothelioma. Mr. Wineland served aboard several Navy ships between 1963 and 1984. He worked mainly in the engine rooms, repairing and maintaining diesel engines, pumps, air compressors and valves. The plaintiffs alleged he was exposed to asbestos in Alfa Laval products (sold under the Sharples and DeLaval names). Alfa Laval asked for summary judgment. The court applied maritime law. It accepted that Mr. Wineland was probably exposed to significant asbestos dust in the engine rooms. It found no evidence that dust from an Alfa Laval product was more than minimal. He was not assigned to the same engine room as the purifier on one ship. An uncontested industrial hygienist's study found no asbestos exposure from routine cleaning of Alfa Laval purifiers. The only contrary testimony came from a machinist, not an engineman like Mr. Wineland, who removed purifier gaskets once. The court granted summary judgment for Alfa Laval and denied the plaintiffs' motion on Alfa Laval's defenses as moot.

We wrote this summary from the court's opinion with the help of AI. It is not the court's wording, and it is not legal advice. The full opinion is below.

The decision

• Court: U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington
• Decided: July 19, 2021
• Stage: Summary judgment
• State: Washington

Outcome. The court granted Alfa Laval's motion for summary judgment and dismissed the plaintiffs' negligence and strict liability claims, because they had no evidence that asbestos from Alfa Laval products was a substantial contributing factor in Mr. Wineland's mesothelioma.

What the court held. Under maritime law, a plaintiff must show that exposure to asbestos from the defendant's product was a substantial contributing factor in the injury, with evidence of the amount and duration of that exposure. Minimal or occasional exposure is not enough.

Issues decided: Causation, Maritime Law and Navy Ships.

The people and their exposure

• John Dale Wineland: mesothelioma; died

The defendants

• Alfa Laval Inc. (manufacturer)

Other decisions in this case

Other rulings from the same court in the same case, in our library:

• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (November 10, 2020). The Court did not rule on Puget Sound Commerce Center's Daubert motion; it renoted the motion and allowed plaintiffs to file a sur-reply on the reliability of the experts' substantial contributing factor opinions.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (November 30, 2020). The court denied Todd Shipyard's (Puget Sound Commerce Center's) Daubert motion, so plaintiffs' experts Moore, Paskal, Zhang and Ay may testify.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (May 17, 2021). The district court granted Robertshaw Controls' motion for summary judgment against the Wineland plaintiffs, and denied plaintiffs' motion on Robertshaw's affirmative defenses as moot.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (May 17, 2021). The court granted Anchor/Darling Valve Co.'s motion for summary judgment and dismissed the plaintiffs' claims, finding they lacked evidence of substantial exposure to Anchor/Darling products or of a duty to warn about third-party replacement parts.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (August 2, 2021). The court granted The William Powell Company's motion for summary judgment, dismissing the plaintiffs' claims against Powell, because they lacked evidence that exposure to Powell's products substantially contributed to Mr. Wineland's mesothelioma; the plaintiffs' own motion on Powell's affirmative defenses was denied as moot.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (August 5, 2021). The district court granted Warren Pumps, LLC's motion for summary judgment, dismissing the claims of Wineland's estate and wife because they lacked evidence that Warren Pumps products were a substantial contributing cause of his mesothelioma.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (August 5, 2021). The district court granted Cleaver-Brooks, Inc.'s renewed motion for summary judgment and dismissed the plaintiffs' claims, and denied the plaintiffs' motion on Cleaver-Brooks's affirmative defenses as moot.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (August 16, 2021). The court granted Imo Industries' motion for summary judgment, dismissing the plaintiffs' claims against it because they lacked evidence that exposure to Imo products was a substantial contributing factor in Mr. Wineland's mesothelioma and death.
• Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation (October 8, 2021). The court granted Carrier Corporation's motion for summary judgment, dismissing the plaintiffs' claims because they did not show a triable issue on whether exposure to Carrier products substantially contributed to Mr. Wineland's mesothelioma.

Decisions this opinion cites

Earlier decisions in our library that the court cited:

• Air and Liquid Systems Corp. v. DeVries (U.S. Supreme Court, 2019). The Supreme Court affirmed the Third Circuit's judgment vacating summary judgment for the equipment manufacturers (Air and Liquid Systems, CBS, Foster Wheeler, Ingersoll Rand, General Electric) and sent the case back so the District Court could reconsider under the Court's own duty-to-warn test, which favored the veterans' families.
• McINDOE v. Huntington Ingalls Incorporated (U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 2016). The Ninth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for shipbuilders Huntington Ingalls and Bath Iron Works against the heirs of James McIndoe, holding the warships were not products for strict liability and the heirs could not show substantial-factor causation.

The court's opinion

The text below is Google Scholar's copy of the court's opinion, a public record. Numbers in brackets, such as [*921], mark where each page of the printed reporter begins.

CHARLOTTE WINELAND, Individually, and SUSAN WINELAND, as Personal Representative of the

Estate of JOHN DALE WINELAND, deceased, Plaintiffs,

v.

AIR & LIQUID SYSTEMS CORPORATION, etal., Defendants.

Cause No. C19-0793RSL.

July 19, 2021.

United States District Court, W.D. Washington, Seattle.

ORDER GRANTING ALFA LAVAL INC'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

(DKT. #313)

ROBERT S. LASNIK, District Judge.

This matter comes before the Court on "Defendant Alfa Laval Inc.'s Amended Motion for Summary Judgment." Dkt. #313. Plaintiffs' decedent, John Dale Wineland, worked aboard a series of Navy ships and in Navy offices between 1963 and 1984. Plaintiffs allege that Mr. Wineland was exposed to asbestos contained in Alfa Laval products[1] while aboard the USS DYNAMIC (1963-1966), the USS PLEDGE (1966-1967), the USS LOYALTY (1970-1972), the USS TUSCALOOSA (1972-

1974), and the USS ESTEEM (1978-1980). Mr. Wineland worked primarily in the engine rooms of the ships to which he was assigned, repairing and maintaining machinery and equipment such as diesel engines, pumps, air compressors, and valves. Mr. Wineland developed mesothelioma, an asbestos-related disease, and died in 2018. Plaintiffs assert that Alfa Laval is liable for Mr. Wineland's illness and death under theories of negligence and strict liability.

Alfa Laval seeks summary dismissal of all of plaintiffs' claims, arguing that, under either Washington or maritime law, plaintiffs have failed to produce admissible evidence from which a jury could reasonably conclude that (a) Mr. Wineland's exposure to asbestos from Alfa Laval products, if any, was a substantial contributing factor in his illness and death and (b) even if such exposure were shown, plaintiffs cannot demonstrate that the asbestos was original to the equipment or otherwise manufactured, supplied, or specified by Alfa Laval. Having reviewed the memoranda, declarations, and exhibits submitted by the parties[2] and taking the evidence in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, the Court finds as follows: A. Summary Judgment Standard

Summary judgment is appropriate when, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, there is no genuine issue of material fact that would preclude the entry of judgment as a matter of law. The party seeking summary dismissal of the case "bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion" (Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986)) and "citing to particular parts of materials in the record" that show the absence of a genuine issue of material fact (Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). Once the moving party has satisfied its burden, it is entitled to summary judgment if the non-moving party fails to designate "specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 324. The Court will "view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. . . and draw all reasonable inferences in that party's favor." Colony Cove Props., LLC v. City of Carson, 888 F.3d 445, 450 (9th Cir. 2018). Although the Court must reserve for the trier of fact genuine issues regarding credibility, the weight of the evidence, and legitimate inferences, the "mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the non-moving party's position will be insufficient" to avoid judgment. City of Pomona v. SQM N. Am. Corp., 750 F.3d 1036, 1049 (9th Cir. 2014); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 252 (1986). Factual disputes whose resolution would not affect the outcome of the suit are irrelevant to the consideration of a motion for summary judgment. S. Cal. Darts Ass'n v. Zaffina, 762 F.3d 921, 925 (9th Cir. 2014). In other words, summary judgment should be granted where the nonmoving party fails to offer evidence from which a reasonable fact finder could return a verdict in its favor. Singh v. Am. Honda Fin. Corp., 925 F.3d 1053, 1071 (9th Cir. 2019). B. Causation

For the reasons set forth in the Order Granting Crane Co.'s Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. #550), the Court finds that maritime law applies to plaintiffs' tort claims. To prevail on their negligence and strict liability claims, plaintiffs "must demonstrate, among other things, that [Mr. Wineland's] injuries were caused by exposure to asbestos that was attributable to [Alfa Laval's] conduct." McIndoe v. Huntington Ingalls Inc., 817 F.3d 1170, 1174 (9th Cir. 2016). See also Lindstrom v. A-C Prod. Liab. Tr., 424 F.3d 488, 492 (6th Cir. 2005), abrogated on other grounds by Air & Liquid Sys. Corp. v. DeVries, ___ U.S. ___, 139 S. Ct. 986 (2019). To establish causation under maritime law, plaintiffs must show that Mr. Wineland's exposure to asbestos from Alfa Laval products "was a substantial contributing factor in causing his injuries." McIndoe, 817 F.3d at 1174. Evidence of only minimal exposure to asbestos dust attributable to each defendant is insufficient: plaintiffs must provide "evidence regarding the amount of exposure to dust" attributable to Alfa Laval and, "critically, the duration of such exposure." Id. at 1176-77 (emphasis in original). The evidence must show "a high enough level of exposure that an inference that the asbestos was a substantial factor in the injury is more than conjectural." Id. at 1176 (quoting Lindstrom, 424 F.3d at 492). "[M]ore is needed" than simply placing a defendant's products in the workplace and showing that the decedent was occasionally exposed to asbestos dust from those products. Id. at 1176-77.

There is evidence that Alfa Laval purifiers were installed in the aft engine rooms of the DYNAMIC, LOYALTY, ESTEEM, PLEDGE, and TUSCALOOSA (Dkt. #394-2 at 15; Dkt. #394-6 at 46; Dkt. #394-7 at 17; Dkt. #394-8 at 67), that DeLaval lube oil pumps serviced the main propulsion reduction gears installed on DYNAMIC, LOYALTY, ESTEEM, and PLEDGE (Dkt. #394-2 at 15), and that the company provided a transfer pump installed on the TUSCALOOSA (Dkt. #394-2 at 18). Plaintiffs have also provided evidence from which a reasonable jury could find that Mr. Wineland was exposed to significant levels of asbestos dust while working in the engine rooms of the five vessels.[3] The problem is that plaintiffs have not produced evidence from which a reasonable jury could conclude that asbestos dust from an Alfa Laval product, if any, was anything but minimal.

Plaintiffs do not dispute Alfa Laval's contention that Mr. Wineland was not exposed to its products during his service on the PLEDGE. Captain Moore acknowledged at his deposition that Mr. Wineland's service records show that he was assigned to the forward engine room on the PLEDGE, while the Alfa Laval purifier on that vessel was in the aft engine room. Dkt. #314 at 10. Captain Moore could not say that Mr. Wineland was exposed to asbestos from an Alfa Laval product while on that vessel, and there is no other evidence to fill that gap. Id. With regards to exposure to asbestos in Alfa Laval products on the DYNAMIC, LOYALTY, ESTEEM, and TUSCALOOSA, plaintiffs rely on Captain Moore's opinion that "[e]nginemen took apart and cleaned diesel oil purifiers as a routine part of their duties. This was done before purifying diesel fuel oil while filling the day tanks." Dkt. #394-2 at 16. At his deposition, Captain Moore clarified that this routine activity did not involve tearing the purifier apart or removing any gaskets, but rather "opening the hinged lid on top of the purifier, removing the spindle, and then removing it and wiping down the disc to remove impurities" and "sometimes" washing out the bowls. Dkt. #314 at 11. Alfa Laval has offered the opinion of an industrial hygienist, John W. Spencer, CIH, CSP, who participated in an exposure assessment designed to "evaluate airborne asbestos exposure to maintenance workers during the usual operation and ordinary maintenance of Alfa Laval purifiers." Dkt. #314 at 23. Mr. Spencer concluded that "the study of Alfa Laval purifiers found no asbestos exposure as a result of performing the cleaning tasks routinely performed on purifiers." Dkt. #314 at 27. This opinion is uncontested. The only evidence plaintiffs offer on this point is the deposition testimony of John Rogers, a seaman on the USS NEWPORT NEWS between 1967 and 1971, who states that he removed asbestos-containing gaskets from an Alfa Laval product during his service on that vessel. Dkt. #394-15 at 5-6. Mr. Rogers was a machinist, however, not an engineman like Mr. Wineland. There is no evidence that Mr. Wineland would have torn down or set up an Alfa Laval purifier. As for the frequency with which the machinists would perform activities that could disturb the asbestos-containing components of the purifiers, Mr. Rogers states that he removed the gaskets on an Alfa Laval purifier only once during his years on the NEWPORT NEWS during an overhaul and there was otherwise "no reason to disturb the gaskets or anything on the purifier in normal maintenance of these purifiers." Dkt. #409 at 17-18. Mr. Rogers confirmed that the most common action taken with regards to a purifier was "[t]o clean the bowl, that's basically all the repair that we would do." Dkt. #394-15 at 7.

At most, plaintiffs have raised an inference that asbestos dust could be released from an Alfa Laval product if it were torn down or overhauled. But such activities were apparently rare, and plaintiffs offer no evidence regarding the duration or amount of such exposure. Plaintiffs have not shown that the use and daily maintenance of the purifiers released any asbestos at all, much less a high enough level of asbestos dust to raise a reasonable inference that Alfa Laval's asbestos was a substantial factor in his injury. Plaintiffs have failed to raise a triable issue of fact regarding causation under maritime law.

C. Components Manufactured, Supplied, or Specified by Alfa Laval

Because there is no evidence from which a reasonable jury could determine that the asbestos contained in Alfa Laval's products was a substantial contributing factor to Mr. Wineland's injuries, the Court need not determine whether the asbestos-containing components in place during his years of service were manufactured, supplied, or specified by Alfa Laval. Whatever the source of the components, they did not cause Mr. Wineland's mesothelioma under maritime law. For all of the foregoing reasons, Alfa Laval's motion for summary judgment (Dkt. #313) is GRANTED. Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment on Alfa Laval's affirmative defenses (Dkt. #356) is DENIED as moot

[1] Alfa Laval is answering in this case for products sold under the names Sharples and DeLaval.

[2] This matter can be decided on the papers submitted in connection with this motion and the supplemental briefing regarding the applicability of maritime law. The parties' requests for oral argument are DENIED.

[3] Based on his extensive experience in the Navy and at naval shipyards, including the supervision of enginemen during the relevant time frame aboard the USS BRUMBY and the USS NEWPORT NEWS, Captain Arnold Moore opines that Mr. Wineland repaired, assisted with the repair, observed the repair or cleaned up after the repair of the major machinery and many of the valves in the engine rooms of the DYNAMIC, LOYALTY, ESTEEM, PLEDGE, and TUSCALOOSA. Dkt. #394-2 at 8. Captain Moore describes how these repairs would be carried out, including activities which would invariably create asbestos dust, including the removal of old, dried packing and gaskets and the cutting and installation of new packing and gasket materials Dkt. #394-2 at 9 and 11. Plaintiffs' industrial hygienist, Steven Paskal, similarly opines that "it is virtually certain that [Mr. Wineland], and/or others in close proximity and/or in shared, enclosed airspaces, would have routinely removed and replaced gaskets and stem/shaft packing associated with. . . valves." Dkt. #394-11 at 5. These activities would have exposed Mr. Wineland to an asbestos-containing aerosol that would remain suspended in air streams for extended periods of time at concentrations that ranged from hundreds to millions of times ambient pollution levels. Dkt. #394-11 at 2-3 and 6. Gregory Bullinger, a shipmate of Mr. Wineland on the TUSCALOOSA, confirms that "work on the equipment in the engine room was regular, ongoing, and routine. We all removed and replaced packing and gaskets on the various equipment, including the valves, pumps, and ALCO diesel engines." Dkt. #394-9 at 3.

Sources

• The opinion on Google Scholar
• Washington asbestos laws
• Washington asbestos exposure sites