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Georgia-Pacific Corporation

Georgia-Pacific, a forest products company, entered the asbestos business when it took over the Bestwall Gypsum Company in 1965, and through its Gypsum Division it made joint compounds, textures and patching plaster containing chrysotile asbestos until 1977, using fiber bought partly from Union Carbide. In 2017 the company split itself under Texas law, placing its asbestos liabilities in a new company, Bestwall LLC, which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in North Carolina.

Draft. The history on this page was written from the documents in our library and has not yet been reviewed by a person.

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History

Georgia-Pacific began in 1927 as a lumber business in Augusta, Georgia. In sworn answers it gave in a California lawsuit in 2001, the company said that before its merger with Bestwall it did not make any asbestos-containing products2. It described Bestwall as a Maryland company with its main office in Paoli, Pennsylvania, and said it went on making Bestwall's asbestos products through its Gypsum Division until it stopped "at various times" depending on the product, and no later than 19772. In the 1970s letters to the company went to its offices in Portland, Oregon, and its research laboratory was in Tigard, Oregon7, 8, 9.

Asbestos products

The 2001 answers list the products and the years asbestos was in them3. Bestwall first sold Joint Compound, Bedding Compound, Topping Compound, Patching Plaster, Spackling Compound and a texture line (sold as Bestex and under other names) in 1956, and Ready Mix in 19633. Georgia-Pacific placed All Purpose Joint Compound on the market nationally in 1967 and first sold Triple Duty Joint Compound in 19653. The answers give chrysotile contents of up to about 7 percent for most of the joint compounds, up to 15 percent for texture, and 25 to 29 percent for Lite Acoustic, an acoustical plaster Bestwall sold from 1958 to 19643. The company said it also sold an asbestos roof coating under its own name in a limited area3, and the library holds a photograph of an Asbestos Asphalt Roof Coating can bearing the Georgia-Pacific name10. Labels and pails for Ready Mix Joint Compound, some marked with both the Georgia-Pacific and Bestwall names, are also in the library11.

Buying Calidria from Union Carbide

Much of what the library holds about Georgia-Pacific comes from the Union Carbide trial exhibits, because Georgia-Pacific was a regular buyer of Union Carbide's Calidria asbestos. A May 1972 invoice records a rail car of Calidria Standard Grade 210 (SG-210), 54,600 pounds at 4.5 cents a pound, shipped from King City, California, for the company's plant at Acme, Texas, and billed to its Bestwall Division at Quanah, Texas1. Union Carbide salesmen called on or telephoned the company's joint compound plants, among them Akron, New York, Quanah, Texas, and Marietta, Georgia12. After a May 1975 call at Quanah, the salesman wrote that the plant should use 175 tons that year, against 148 the year before12.

In July 1973 Union Carbide's John L. Myers visited the Akron plant after it was cited by OSHA; his report says Georgia-Pacific was cited for several asbestos violations and fined $3,00013. In January 1975, during a call at the Marietta plant, a visitor from Akron told a Union Carbide salesman that the Akron board plant had been shut down and more than 100 people released, while the joint cement operation would continue with about 10 to 12 people14.

What the documents show

Early warnings inside the company. In May 1970 G. E. Wilson in Portland wrote to C. W. Lehnert at the Tigard laboratory that asbestos was getting more attention every day as a possible health hazard. He wrote that "it would appear that the dangers are quite remote," but that the company should see whether it could use something other than asbestos in its joint system formulas, adding: "I would not suggest a crash program."15 In June 1970 another memo reported that a Mount Sinai Hospital group studying lung disease among asbestos workers had run tests on drywall joint finishers in New York16. A July 1971 memo to plant managers said it was mandatory for employees handling bags or containers of asbestos to wear respirators17. In September 1971 a letter from National Gypsum's Building Products Division to W. H. Hunt, addressed as Georgia-Pacific's president, said its tests showed sanding joint treatment products and spraying wall finishes "offers some substantial potential hazards."7

Replacing asbestos. In November 1972 W. N. Gettel of the Tigard laboratory reported making a trial batch at Acme of All Purpose compound with a substitute for asbestos, telling those receiving copies that the use of asbestos "is considered a health hazard and rigid controls are being enacted."8 The company said in 2001 that it introduced its first asbestos-free texture in 1972 and asbestos-free All Purpose compound in 19733.

Labels and the 1973 memos. Georgia-Pacific said it put caution labels on its asbestos products beginning in 1973, using the wording OSHA recommended18. In June 1973 Lehnert answered a salesman whose customers had asked about the new label: "We have always used asbestos fiber in our joint system products, so if there is a hazard, it is no different today than it has been in the past."9 He wrote that the level of fiber during mixing and sanding was "not presently known" and that workers in those jobs should probably wear respirators9. In the same memo he wrote that the health problems linked with asbestos had occurred where workers were exposed to high concentrations of fiber over a period of years, that joint compounds held relatively small percentages (2 to 8 percent) of asbestos, and that the company was about 90 percent converted to non-asbestos texture formulas9. After an August 1973 meeting of the Gypsum Association's special committee on joint compound, E. D. O'Neill told Lehnert that tests by U.S. Gypsum and National Gypsum indicated dust and asbestos levels above the OSHA limit while bagged compound was mixed on the job, and wrote: "It appears that we may not be taking a sufficiently serious view of this whole problem."19 Three days later Wilson called for immediate monitoring of all the company's joint cement operations20.

Stopping. In November 1976 Union Carbide's southern sales manager wrote to Bob Favero, the Marietta plant manager, to help Georgia-Pacific's salesmen answer contractors who had heard that asbestos was banned in joint cements, which he called "incorrect information."21 On May 9, 1977, three days after Union Carbide reported that the Consumer Product Safety Commission had voted to grant a petition to ban consumer taping, spackling and joint compounds containing asbestos, Edward L. Aasen, purchasing manager of the Gypsum Division, wrote that Georgia-Pacific had decided "to discontinue using asbestos in our wallboard tape joint compounds" and asked for help disposing of its stocks at Acme, Akron, Chicago and Marietta22, 23. Later that month Myers wrote to Aasen urging the company to comment to the Commission, saying there had been "little or no counter-pressure from industry."24

The company's position. In its 2001 answers Georgia-Pacific said that before it first sold these products it did not know or have reason to know that any ingredient was potentially hazardous, and that to the best of its knowledge the first published study of disease linked to products like its own did not appear until about 197525.

Lawsuits and bankruptcy

The library's case-law collection holds 110 decisions naming Georgia-Pacific as a defendant26. In Bostic v. Georgia-Pacific Corp. the Texas Supreme Court held in 2014 that proof of "any exposure" is not enough in a mesothelioma case and that a plaintiff must offer some quantification of the dose from the defendant's product27.

In 2017 the company, then Georgia-Pacific LLC, used a Texas divisional merger to split in two: Bestwall LLC took the asbestos liabilities, which came mainly from Bestwall Gypsum's joint compound, and a new Georgia-Pacific took the other assets5, 6. Bestwall filed for Chapter 11 in the Western District of North Carolina with about 64,000 asbestos claims pending, seeking to resolve them through a section 524(g) trust5. The bankruptcy court refused to dismiss the case in 2019, and in 2023 the Fourth Circuit upheld an injunction barring asbestos suits against the new Georgia-Pacific while the case goes on5, 6. The maneuver is known as the Texas Two-Step28.

References

  1. Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Division Purchase Orders, Union Carbide Invoices and Shipping Records for Calidria SG-210 Asbestos (1971–1973), UC-4983, pp. 1, 3
  2. Georgia-Pacific Corporation's Objections and Responses to Plaintiff's Standard Interrogatories in Brauch v. Bondex International (2001), UC-5457, pp. 1, 4–5
  3. Georgia-Pacific Corporation's Objections and Responses to Plaintiff's Standard Interrogatories in Brauch v. Bondex International (2001), UC-5457, pp. 6–9
  4. Georgia-Pacific Corporation's Objections and Responses to Plaintiff's Standard Interrogatories in Brauch v. Bondex International (2001), UC-5457, p. 19
  5. In re Bestwall LLC (U.S. Bankruptcy Court, W.D.N.C., 2019)
  6. In re Bestwall LLC (U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 2023)
  7. National Gypsum Company to W. H. Hunt, Georgia-Pacific, on Potential Hazards of Sanding Joint Treatment and Spraying Wall Finishes (1971), UC-5473, p. 1
  8. W. N. Gettel to C. W. Lehnert on Asbestos Replacement in Acme Joint System Products (1972), UC-5476, p. 1
  9. C. W. Lehnert to John Woodsmall on Asbestos Fiber in Joint Compounds (1973), UC-5477, pp. 1–2
  10. Asbestos asphalt roof coating (Georgia-Pacific), product page
  11. Ready Mix Joint Compound (Georgia-Pacific), product page
  12. Union Carbide Calidria Sales Call Reports on Georgia-Pacific Plants (1973–1975), UC-573, pp. 13–15
  13. J. L. Myers and E. J. Kleber Report of Call on Georgia-Pacific, Akron, NY, on OSHA Citation and Dust Control (1973), UC-4621, p. 1
  14. Union Carbide Calidria Sales Call Reports on Georgia-Pacific Plants (1973–1975), UC-573, p. 12
  15. G. E. Wilson to C. W. Lehnert on Replacing Asbestos in Joint Cement Formulas (1970), UC-5469, p. 1
  16. E. F. Fatz to H. F. Fink on Mt. Sinai Lung Research and Drywall Joint Finishers (1970), UC-5470, p. 1
  17. M. F. Fink to Georgia-Pacific Plant Managers on Mica-Asbestos Controls (1971), UC-5472, p. 1
  18. Georgia-Pacific Corporation's Objections and Responses to Plaintiff's Standard Interrogatories in Brauch v. Bondex International (2001), UC-5457, pp. 14–15
  19. E. D. O'Neill to C. W. Lehnert on the First Gypsum Association Special Committee Meeting on Joint Compound Hazards (1973), UC-5480, p. 1
  20. G. E. Wilson to E. B. Hollingsworth, T. W. Richards and J. DiLorenzo on Monitoring Asbestos Fiber in Joint Cement Operations (1973), UC-5482, p. 1
  21. J. E. Walsh to Bob Favero, Georgia Pacific, on the Status of OSHA Asbestos Regulations and Joint Compounds (1976), UC-4965, p. 1
  22. H. B. Rhodes to E. L. Aasen on CPSC Action Toward a Ban on Asbestos Spackling and Joint Compounds, with Aasen's Reply (1977), UC-1601, pp. 1–3
  23. Edward L. Aasen to R. E. Byrne, Jr. on Discontinuing Asbestos in Joint Compounds (1977), UC-4475, p. 1
  24. John L. Myers to E. L. Aasen on the Proposed CPSC Ban on Asbestos Joint Compounds (1977), UC-579, p. 1
  25. Georgia-Pacific Corporation's Objections and Responses to Plaintiff's Standard Interrogatories in Brauch v. Bondex International (2001), UC-5457, pp. 10–11
  26. Georgia-Pacific Corporation, company page: court cases
  27. Bostic v. Georgia-Pacific Corp. (Texas Supreme Court, 2014)
  28. Texas Two-Step, Lexicon

People

People the documents tie to Georgia-Pacific Corporation, most often named first, with the titles the documents give them.

Asbestos products

13 products our documents name Georgia-Pacific Corporation as making or selling. Each product's page says what the documents say about it, including its asbestos content.

Court cases

110 court decisions in our case-law library name Georgia-Pacific Corporation as a defendant, newest first.

In our library

11 documents in our library name Georgia-Pacific Corporation, by collection.

Other library documents (11)

In the Union Carbide documents

Georgia-Pacific Corporation is named in 138 Union Carbide documents dated 1966 to 2003 (22 as the source, 138 mentioned), from asbestos lawsuits over Union Carbide's Calidria asbestos. All are published in our collection.

Names in the documents

The spellings documents use for Georgia-Pacific Corporation, OCR misreadings included, so a search for any of them finds this page: Georgia Pacific · Georgia-Pacific · Georgia Pacific Corp · Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Gypsum Division · Georgia Pacific Corporation · Georgia-Pacific Corp · Georgia Pacific, Gypsum Division · Georgia-Pacific Company · Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Interdepartmental Communication · Georgia-Pacific Corporation (intracompany memo) · Georgia-Pacific Corporation (Portland) · Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Acme, Texas plant · Georgia-Pacific Corporation (through counsel Morgenstein & Jubelirer LLP) · Georgia-Pacific Corporation (Tigard Lab) · Georgia-Pacific Corporation (interdepartmental communication) · Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Bestwall Gypsum Division · Georgia-Pacific, Interdepartmental Communication (Portland) · Georgia-Pacific Corp., Gypsum Division · G-P · Georgia Pacific Corporation, Gypsum Division · Georgia-Pacific, Puget Sound Division · Georgia Pacific Company, Kalamazoo Paper Division · Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Bestwall Division.

Where this comes from

This page brings together every document in our library that names Georgia-Pacific Corporation, across collections. Titles and affiliations are taken from the documents themselves, and units and subsidiaries are grouped under the company they belong to.

Mentioned on this site

Cite this page

“Georgia-Pacific Corporation.” AsbestosClaims.Law Library. https://asbestosclaims.law/library/organizations/georgia-pacific-corporation.

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