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Reading Castleman, Chapter 4: Thresholds and Standards

The sources Barry Castleman cites in Chapter 4, Thresholds and Standards of Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects (5th edition, 2005), in the order the book reads, with the page and note number. 117 of the 411 are in our library and linked. "Inside" means the source is part of a larger item we hold; "See also" is our closest item, not the source itself. All chapters.

Chapter 4 epigraph

  • p. 215. The Lady Inspectors of Factories. Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for the Year 1898, p. 172 (1899).
  • p. 215. Asbestos in the air (Editorial). Lancet 1:944-945 (1976).

SOCIAL ORIGINS AND NATURE OF DIRECT MEASURES TO PREVENT OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES

  • p. 220. Dr. Carey McCord, address at the annual congress of the National Safety Council, 1933
  • p. 220. Industrial Medicine (journal of the industrial physicians' group, begun 1932)
  • p. 221. Journal of the American Medical Association (J.A.M.A.), report of the 1953 Congress on Industrial Health, short summary of meetings (excerpts quoting Dr. R. Johnstone and the A.M.A. President-Elect)
  • p. 221. Theodore Walters, remarks at the 1954 annual meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation
  • p. 222. Outline of Lectures on Industrial Disease for Medical Students (Public Health Service) See also: Lois Gaul's Manville Memo on the Public Health Service Outline of Lectures on Industrial Diseases (1985)
  • p. 225. 1986 Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values
  • p. 225. Tarlau, editorial in the American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
  • p. 225. Roach and Rappaport, review of the TLV Documentation

STANDARDS FOR ASBESTOS

Early British Factory Surveys and Standards

  • p. 228. Merewether, 1930 paper in Journal of Industrial Hygiene (51 dust measurements) In our library: E. R. A. Merewether, The Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Pulmonary Affections in Asbestos Workers (1930)
  • p. 230. Statement by T&N Secretary John Collins on how industry limited the scope of the Asbestosis Regulations, 1931 (block quotation: 'Before the Asbestosis Regulations came into effect in 1931, we were similarly given the opportunity of making representations to the Home Office...')
  • p. 230. Note from the Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories to the Chief Inspector (block quotation: '(W)ork on board ships has been found to present such great difficulties...')
  • p. 231. Board Minutes of T&N of July 23, 1931

U.S. Reports Relating Degree of Exposure to Degree of Disease Risk

  • p. 233. Stewart et al. (case report of asbestosis, asbestos factory worker employed 9 months in 1921)
  • p. 233. Roscoe Gray, Attorneys' Textbook of Medicine
  • p. 233. Merewether (dust count in asbestos spinning room)
  • p. 233. State of Pennsylvania, medical and engineering survey of four asbestos plants, 1935 In our library: Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, Asbestosis, Special Bulletin No. 42 (1935)
  • p. 233. Abstract of the Pennsylvania study in Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

Asbestos Fiber Fraction of Inhaled Dust

  • p. 240. Dr. Leroy Gardner's outline of a monograph on industry-sponsored studies at the Saranac Laboratory, including a section entitled "Recommendation for a New Standard of Safe Atmospheric Concentration of Asbestos Dust," sent to Vandiver Brown at Johns-Manville In our library: Leroy Gardner to Vandiver Brown Enclosing an Outline of His Monograph on Asbestosis (1943)
  • p. 241. Dressen et al., 1938 (source of Table 2, Relation of Fibers to Particles in Various Owens Jet Samples)
  • p. 242. Asbestos Textile Institute minutes of 1953 In our library: Asbestos Textile Institute Air Hygiene Committee Meeting Minutes, March 11, 1953 (1953)

Dust Control Measures in Germany

  • p. 242. Gummi Zeitung article of 1938 on medical and technical measures used to prevent asbestosis
  • p. 242. "Guidelines for the Prevention of Health Hazards from Dust in Asbestos Manufacturing Plants. Effective as of 1 August 1940." Gummi Zeitung, 1940

The British Shipyard Asbestos Regulations

  • p. 244. Merewether, publications in 1930, 1933 and 1938 See also: E. R. A. Merewether and C. W. Price, Report on Effects of Asbestos Dust on the Lungs (1930)
  • p. 244. Merewether presentation at the Seventh Saranac Symposium, 1952 (references in Chapter 5, Tables 5 and 8) Inside: Seventh Saranac Symposium, Session on Pneumoconiosis and Pulmonary Cancer, with the Gregoire and Wright Paper (1952)
  • p. 244. Merewether to N.L. Dolbey of J.W. Roberts, Ltd., 1943
  • p. 244. Dolbey reply to Merewether
  • p. 244. Response from Secretary John Collins (Turner & Newall) to the Chief Factory Inspector in Belfast
  • p. 246. "Asbestos Insulation Aboard Ships," notice from the Chief Inspector of Factories to industry, shortly after the end of World War II in Europe In our library: A. W. Garrett, British Chief Inspector of Factories, on Asbestos Insulation Aboard Ships (1945)
  • p. 247. "The Asbestosis Fund," annual report by Collins to the T&N Board, 1946
  • p. 248. Letter from Katie Wren (widow of James Wren) to a Newalls man: "I am definitely not taking proceedings to get my retribution through insurance..." (several months after Oct. 1947)
  • p. 248. John Collins reply to his associate regarding the death certificate of James Wren ("I see that the death certificate gives the cause of death..."), c. Feb.-Mar. 1948
  • p. 248. Tabulation "NIC Pneumoniocosis Cases Prior to February 1950"
  • p. 248. John Collins's observations on the 1950 draft shipyard asbestos regulations ("The two major points appear to be the vital necessity of excluding Finished Articles...")
  • p. 249. the letter Collins sent to the government in 1945, wherein T&N objected to having to provide respirators to workers removing dry asbestos insulation in the shipyards
  • p. 249. the draft letter Collins circulated to his associates for comment (T&N)
  • p. 249. the 1950 letter Collins sent to the government
  • p. 252. John Collins, report to the T&N Board (May 1958 draft of the regulations)
  • p. 253. memorandum called "Asbestos and Mesothelioma," Waddell

Unsteady Movement Toward Numerical Exposure Limits

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs

Reaction in Other Countries to U.S. Numerical Guidelines for Asbestosis

Length of Fibers and Asbestosis

The Added Threat of Cancer

Criticism of the TLV and Delayed Response

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT U.S. ASBESTOS STANDARD

  • p. 269. concerns of Clifford Sheckler of Johns-Manville communicated to the Board of Governors of the Asbestos Textile Institute, October 7, 1971 (quoted: 'Mr. Sheckler is very apprehensive that an impossibly low TLV will be adopted for asbestos...')
  • p. 274. Federal Register, April 10, 1984 (proposal to consider asbestos limits of 0.2 and 0.5 f/cc)

Standards in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Sweden

  • p. 278. A letter from the General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress to a senior AFL-CIO official several weeks later, evidently drafted by Dr. Murray
  • p. 278. Letter from Murray to Selikoff saying that, according to Dr. Gilson, "the situation is now being fully investigated in this country."
  • p. 278. Selikoff's reply letter to Murray saying trans-Atlantic review of the X-rays was "currently unwarranted."
  • p. 278. Murray's cover letter to Lewinsohn and Gilson attaching Selikoff's letter
  • p. 279. Grenada: "World in Action" Oct. 14, 1974 (television program)
  • p. 279. Lewinsohn letter to Jack Solon (Johns-Manville), date not stated on this page
  • p. 281. Selikoff and Lee's Asbestos and Disease

Exposure to Asbestos in Insulation Work

Table 4. Insulators' Exposures to Asbestos (cont.)

Exposure to Asbestos in Insulation Work

  • p. 289. I.L.O. conference proceedings (published in 1972)

Cancer from Asbestos in the Absence of Asbestosis

  • p. 291. The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council reported on the subject of compensation for asbestos-related lung cancer accompanied by pleural changes in November, 1982.

SOCIAL ORIGINS AND NATURE OF DIRECT MEASURES TO PREVENT OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES

  • p. 216, note 1. Lehmann, K.B., "Experimentelle Studien über den Einfluss Technisch und Hygienisch Wichtiger Gase und Dämpfe auf den Organismus," Archiv Hyg. 5:1-126 (1886).
  • p. 216, note 2. Henschler, D., "Exposure Limits: History, Philosophy, Future Developments," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 28:79-92 (1984).
  • p. 216, note 3. Paull, J.M., "The Origin and Basis of Threshold Limit Values," Amer. J. Indust. Med. 5:227-238 (1984).
  • p. 216, note 4. Henderson, Y. and H. Haggard, Noxious Gases, New York: Chemical Catalog Co. 1927.
  • p. 216, note 5. Bowditch, M., et al., "Code for Safe Concentrations of Certain Common Toxic Substances Used in Industry," J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 22:251 (1940).
  • p. 216, note 6. Stead, F.M., "Industrial Hygiene in Los Angeles County," Indust. Med. 11:542-546 (1942).
  • p. 217, note 7. Heimann, H. and V. Trasko, "Evolution of Occupational Health Programs in State and Local Governments," Pub. Health Rep. 79:942-947 (1964). In our library: Evolution of Occupational Health Programs in State and Local Governments
  • p. 218, note 8. Hueper, W.C., Adventures of a Physician in Occupational Cancer: A Medical Cassandra's Tale (unpublished) National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 1976, pp. 218-236.
  • p. 218, note 9. Hueper, W.C., letter to W.E. Smith dated July 18, 1957, in Food Additives, hearings before a subcommittee of the House of Representatives Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 85th Congress, Washington, 1958, pp. 188-189. And personal communication to the author, 1976.
  • p. 218, note 10. Schepers, G.W., personal communication to the author.
  • p. 219, note 11. Phelan, J. and R. Pozen, The Company State, New York: Grossman Pub., 1973.
  • p. 219, note 12. Zilg, G.C., DuPont: Behind the Nylon Curtain, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974.
  • p. 219, note 13. Hayes, A.J., "Labor's Stake in Safety," 1957 National Safety Congress, Chicago: National Safety Council, 1958, pp. 16-21.
  • p. 220, note 14. McCord, C., "Health Hazards in the Foundry," Trans. 22d National Safety Congress, Chicago: Nat. Safety Council, 1933, pp. 320-324.
  • p. 220, note 15. American Occupational Medical Association, Chicago, archives reviewed by the author in 1984.
  • p. 220, note 16. Robinson, T. (Chairman, Ethics Committee, American Occupational Medical Association), personal communication to the author, 1984.
  • p. 221, note 17. "Annual Congress on Industrial Health," J.A.M.A. 151:646 (1953).
  • p. 221, note 18. Felton, J., "Occupational Medicine in the United States," Clinical Medicine for the Occupational Physician (M. Alderman and M. J. Hanley, Eds.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982, pp. 1-23.
  • p. 221, note 19. Transactions Bulletin No. 28, Pittsburgh: Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1955, p. 167.
  • p. 222, note 20. Irwin, T., "On the Job Cancer—The Killer They Won't Track Down," Cavalier (Jan. 1962).
  • p. 223, note 21. Trasko, V., "Industrial Hygiene Milestones in Government Agencies," Amer. J. Pub. Health 45:39-46 (1955).
  • p. 223, note 22. 1961 Additions and Revisions to Rules and Regulations, State of Indiana Safety Code for the Construction Industry, Sec. 3.
  • p. 223, note 23. Safety Standards for Protection Against Occupationally Acquired Diseases, State of Washington, 1958.
  • p. 223, note 24. Dusts, Fumes, Vapors and Gases Safety Orders, State of California, 1945.
  • p. 224, note 25. Kelly, W. (Exec. Dir. of ACGIH), personal communication to the author.
  • p. 225, note 26. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values, (5th ed.), Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1986.
  • p. 225, note 27. Castleman, B.I. and G.E. Ziem, "Corporate Influence on Threshold Limit Values," Am. J. Indust. Med. 13:531-559 (1988). In our library: Corporate influence on threshold limit values.
  • p. 225, note 28. Elkins, H.B., "Response to 'Corporate Influence on Threshold Limit Values'," Am. J. Indust. Med. 14:737-740 (1988).
  • p. 225, note 29. Ziem, G.E. and B.I. Castleman, "Threshold Limit Values: Historical Perspectives and Current Practice," J. Occup. Med. 31:910-918 (1989).
  • p. 225, note 30. Castleman, B.I. and G.E. Ziem, "American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: Low Threshold of Credibility," Am. J. Indust. Med. 26:133-143 (1994).
  • p. 225, note 31. Samuels, S.W., "Ethical and Metaethical Criteria for Emerging Technologies," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 534:920-927 (1988).
  • p. 225, note 32. Tarlau, E.S., "Industrial Hygiene Without Limits," Am. Indust. Hyg. Assoc. J. 51:A-9 (1990).
  • p. 225, note 33. Roach, S.A. and S.M. Rappaport, "But They Are Not Thresholds: A Critical Analysis of the Documentation of Threshold Limit Values," Am. J. Indust. Med. 17:727-753 (1990).
  • p. 226, note 34. Stokinger, H.E., "Threshold Limit Values," Dangerous Prop. Indust. Mater. Rep. 1(5):8-13 (May-June, 1981).
  • p. 226, note 35. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, "Comprehensive Health Policy," Fed. Reg. 48:54546-54548 (Dec. 5, 1983).

Early British Factory Surveys and Standards

  • p. 227, note 36. Merewether, E.R.A. and C.W. Price, Report on Effects of Asbestos Dust on the Lungs and Dust Suppression in the Asbestos Industry. London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1930. In our library: E. R. A. Merewether and C. W. Price, Report on Effects of Asbestos Dust on the Lungs (1930)
  • p. 228, note 37. Report on Conferences between Employers and Inspectors Concerning Methods For Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories. London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1931. In our library: Home Office, Report on Conferences between Employers and Inspectors on Suppressing Dust in Asbestos Textile Factories (1931)
  • p. 228, note 38. Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for the Year 1930. London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1931, p. 50.
  • p. 228, note 39. Merewether, E.R.A., "The Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis and other Pulmonary Affections in Asbestos Workers," J. Indust. Hyg. 15:198-222, 239-257 (1930). In our library: E. R. A. Merewether, The Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Other Pulmonary Affections in Asbestos Workers (1930)
  • p. 229, note 40. Wikeley, N., "Measurement of Asbestos Dust Levels in British Asbestos Factories in the 1930s," Am. J. Indust. Med. 24: 509-520 (1993). In our library: Measurement of asbestos dust levels in British asbestos factories in the 1930s.
  • p. 230, note 41. Collins, J., "Draft Shipbuilding Regulations," memorandum to J. Shaw and attached draft of T&N response to the Factory Department (Nov. 9, 1950). T&N documents 0057-1224 and 0012-0208.
  • p. 230, note 42. Wikeley, N. "The Asbestos Regulations 1931: A License to Kill?" J. Law Society 19:365-378. (1992). Letter quoted dated April 10, 1931.
  • p. 230, note 43. Merewether, E.R.A., "A Memorandum on Asbestosis," Tubercle 15:152-159 (1934). See also: E. R. A. Merewether, A Memorandum on Asbestosis, Part 3, in Tubercle (1934)
  • p. 230, note 44. Shepherd, W., "Asbestosis" (June 24, 1931). T&N document 0010-2006.
  • p. 230, note 45. Carter, G., letter to W.W.F. Shepherd (T&N), June 30, 1931. T&N document 0010-1977.
  • p. 231, note 46. Carter, G., letter to W.W.F. Shepherd (July 2, 1931). T&N document 0010-1971.
  • p. 231, note 47. T&N Board Minute 1225, "Asbestosis Schemes" (July 23, 1931).
  • p. 231, note 48. Turner, R.H. Memorandum to Mr. Whittaker (Feb. 27, 1932).
  • p. 232, note 49. Home Office letter to Turner Bros. Asbestos Co. (May 30, 1932); and Merewether, E.R.A., Middleton, E.L., "Asbestosis/Inquiry into the Existence of the Disease in Packers of Manufactured Articles" (Nov. 7, 1931). T&N document 0012-0021.
  • p. 232, note 50. Turner, R.H., letter to Cape Asbestos Co. (June 7, 1932).
  • p. 232, note 51. Duckland, J.M. (Home Office), letter to British Fibro-Cement Co. (July 20, 1932).
  • p. 232, note 52. PGK, memorandum to N.L. Dolbey, J.W. Roberts (subsidiary of Turner & Newall), Feb. 8, 1934.
  • p. 232, note 53. Collins, J.L., "Asbestosis. Re: Isaac Webster & Sons Ltd." memorandum to Mr. West (July 24, 1936).
  • p. 232, note 54. Turner, R.H., letter to G.S. Newall (Washington Chemical Co. subsidiary of T&N), Dec. 30, 1932. T&N document 0010-1625.

U.S. Reports Relating Degree of Exposure to Degree of Disease Risk

  • p. 232, note 55. Stewart, H.L., Bucher, C.J., and E.H. Coleman, "Asbestosis, Report of Two Cases," Arch. Path. 12:909-916 (1931). In our library: Asbestosis: Report Of Two Cases
  • p. 233, note 56. Gray, R.N., Attorney's Textbook of Medicine Albany, N.Y.: Matthew Bender & Co., 1934, pp. 36-37. Also, Gray, (enlarged Asbestosis chapter) op. cit., 2 ed., 1940, pp. 913-925.
  • p. 233, note 57. Fulton, W.B. et al., Asbestosis, Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1935. In our library: Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, Asbestosis, Special Bulletin No. 42 (1935)
  • p. 235, note 58. Fulton, et al., op. cit., Abstract of the Literature of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology suppl. to J. Indust. Hyg. 18:26-27 (1936).
  • p. 235, note 59. Lanza, A.J., W.J. McConnell, and J.W. Fehnel, "Effects of the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust on the Lungs of Asbestos Workers," Publ. Health Rep. 50:1-12 (1935). In our library: Lanza, McConnell and Fehnel, "Effects of the Inhalation of Asbestos Dust on the Lungs of Asbestos Workers" (1935)
  • p. 235, note 60. Markowitz, G. and D. Rosner, "The Limits of Thresholds: Silica and the Politics of Science, 1935 to 1990," Am. J. Publ. Health 85:253-262 (1995). In our library: The Limits of Thresholds: Silica and the Politics of Science, 1935 to 1990
  • p. 235, note 61. Brown, V. "Discussion," Pneumoconiosis, New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1950, pp. 567-572.
  • p. 235, note 62. Gardner, L.U., "Report of Dust Survey at National Asbestos Co. Plant of United States Gypsum Co. at Jersey City, N.J. Saranac Laboratory (July 31, 1936).

Plant Surveys by the U.S. Public Health Service

  • p. 235, note 63. Page, R.T. and J.J. Bloomfield, "A Study of Dust Control Methods in an Asbestos Fabricating Plant," Publ. Health Rep. 52:1713-1727 (1937). In our library: A Study Of Dust Control Methods In An Asbestos Fabricating Plant
  • p. 236, note 64. Page and Bloomfield, op. cit., Abstracts of the Literature of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology suppl. to J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 20:89 (1938).
  • p. 236, note 65. Dreessen, W.C. et al., A Study of Asbestosis in the Asbestos Textile Industry, Public Health Bull. No. 241, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Public Health Service, 1938, esp. pp. 23, 90-95. In our library: Dreessen and Others, A Study of Asbestosis in the Asbestos Textile Industry (1938)
  • p. 236, note 66. Lynch, J.R. and H.E. Ayer, "Measurement of Asbestos Exposure," J. Occup. Med. 10:21-24 (1968).
  • p. 236, note 67. Donnelly, J., "Pulmonary Asbestosis: Incidence and Prognosis," J. Indust. Hyg. 18:222-228 (1936).
  • p. 236, note 68. McPheeters, S.B., "A Survey of a Group of Employees Exposed to Asbestos Dust," J. Indust. Hyg. 18:229-239 (1936). In our library: A Survey Of A Group Of Employees Exposed To Asbestos Dust
  • p. 236, note 69. Shull, J.R., "Asbestosis: A Roentgenologic Review of 71 Cases." Radiology 27:279-292 (1936). In our library: Asbestosis: A Roentgenologic Review Of 71 Cases
  • p. 236, note 70. Fabel, G.S. (President, Southern Asbestos), letter to S. Simpson (President, Raybestos-Manhattan), Dec. 18, 1936. In our library: George S. Fabel of Southern Asbestos to Sumner Simpson Sending Dr. Shull's Asbestosis Article (1936)
  • p. 236, note 71. Deposition of Dr. H.F. Easom, In re Asbestos Litigation, c/p No. 77-1, United States District Court for E. Dist. of Virginia, Norfolk and Newport News Div., taken Dec. 29, 1982.
  • p. 237, note 72. Wood, W.B. and S.R. Gloyne, "Pulmonary Asbestosis, A Review of One Hundred Cases," Lancet 2:1383-1384 (1934).
  • p. 237, note 73. Page, R.C., "A Study of the Sputum in Pulmonary Asbestosis," Amer. J. Med. Sci. 189:44-55 (1935).
  • p. 239, note 74. "Industrial Hygiene Meetings," Indust. Med. 7:723-728 (1938).
  • p. 239, note 75. Sayers, R.R. and W.C. Dreessen, "Asbestosis," Amer. J. Publ. Health 29:205-214 (1939). In our library: Asbestosis.
  • p. 239, note 76. Simpson, S. letter to A.S. Rossiter (Asbestos magazine), March 22, 1939. Sumner Simpson papers. In our library: Sumner Simpson to A. S. Rossiter on Gardner's Preliminary Findings and Dust Control (1939)
  • p. 240, note 77. Johnson, A.S., "No Half Way Measures in Dust Control," National Safety News, 17-18 (Sept. 1935).
  • p. 240, note 78. Hurlbut, C.S., "Report of the Petrographic Examination of Dust Samples Taken by R.M. Freer at the Foundry of the American Laundry Machinery Company During Shake-Out Operations on Nov. 22, 1933," and "Report of the Petrographic Examination of Non-Industrial Dusts Collected by R.M. Freer in the City of Rochester" (Jan. 30, 1935).

Asbestos Fiber Fraction of Inhaled Dust

  • p. 240, note 79. Hurlbut, C.S. and C.R. Williams, "The Mineralogy of Asbestos Dust," J. Indust. Hyg. 17:289-293 (1935).
  • p. 240, note 80. Hurlbut, C.S., "Petrography in the Study of Occupational Diseases," Safety Eng. 68:73-74 (1934).
  • p. 240, note 81. Hemeon, W.C.L., Report of Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute. Pittsburgh: Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1947. (Unpublished. Sumner Simpson papers.) In our library: W. C. L. Hemeon, Report of Preliminary Dust Investigation for the Asbestos Textile Institute (1947)
  • p. 241, note 82. Gardner, L.U. letter to V. Brown (Johns-Manville) and attached "Outline of Proposed Monograph on Asbestosis" (Feb. 24, 1943). Unpublished, Turner & Newall documents. In our library: Leroy Gardner to Vandiver Brown Enclosing an Outline of His Monograph on Asbestosis (1943)
  • p. 241, note 83. Fleischer, W.E. et al., "A Survey of Pipecovering Operations in Constructing Naval Vessels," J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 28:9-16 (1946). In our library: Fleischer, Viles, Gade and Drinker, "A Health Survey of Pipe Covering Operations in Constructing Naval Vessels" (1946)
  • p. 241, note 84. Bloomfield, J.J., and J.M. Dallavalle, The Determination and Control of Industrial Dust, Public Health Bulletin No. 217, Washington: U.S. Treasury Dept., 1935.
  • p. 241, note 85. Walton, W.H., "The Nature, Hazards and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos Dust: A Review," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 25:117-247 (1982). In our library: The nature, hazards and assessment of occupational exposure to airborne asbestos dust: a review.
  • p. 242, note 86. Asbestos Textile Institute, Air Hygiene Committee Mtg. (Mar. 11, 1953). In our library: Asbestos Textile Institute Air Hygiene Committee Meeting Minutes, March 11, 1953 (1953)
  • p. 242, note 87. Asbestos Textile Institute, Air Hygiene Committee Mtg. (June 10, 1953). In our library: Asbestos Textile Institute Hygiene Committee Meeting Minutes, June 10, 1953 (1953)
  • p. 242, note 88. Minutes of the Asbestos Textile Institute, Air Hygiene and Manufacturing Comm. (Sept. 1958). Inside: Minutes of the General Meeting of the Asbestos Textile Institute, September 12, 1958, with Air Hygiene and Manufacturing Committee Reports (1958)

Dust Control Measures in Germany

  • p. 242, note 89. Windel, T., "Asbestose und ihre Verhütung," Gummi Zeitung 52:309-310 (1938).
  • p. 242, note 90. Brachman, "Asbestosis in Grinders and Drillers of Brake Bands", Arbeitsschutz, pp. 172-174 (1940). Summary in Abstract of the Literature of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology suppl. to J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 23:76-77 (1941).
  • p. 242, note 91. Prockat, F., "Zur Verhütung der Asbestose in der Industrie," Staub 5:133-162 (1937).
  • p. 242, note 92. Prockat, F. and T. Windel, "Asbestose und Ihre Bekämpfung," Staub 10:264-283 (1939).
  • p. 242, note 93. Prockat (article 91). Abstract in Bull. Hyg. 13:272-273 (1938).
  • p. 242, note 94. Prockat and Windel (article 92). In Abstract of the Liter. Ind. Hyg. Tox. suppl. to J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 23:14 (1941).
  • p. 242, note 95. Prockat and Windel (article 92). Abstract in 346 (1940). Abstract reprinted in Pneumoconiosis Abstracts II:409-410 (1954).
  • p. 242, note 96. "Richtlinien für die Bekämpfung der Staubgefahr in Asbest Verarbeitenden," Gummi Zeitung 54:796 (1940).
  • p. 243, note 97. Kuhn, A., "Erkrankungen der Werftarbeiter der Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Betriebsunfalle und Berufskrankheiten," Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg. 10:133-150 (1940). Abstract in Bull. Hyg. 17:819-821 (1942); reprinted in Pneumoconiosis Abstracts Vol. II London: I. Pitman and Sons, 1954, pp. 4-5.
  • p. 243, note 98. Baader, E.W., "Asbestose," Deut. Med. Woch. 65:407-408 (1939).

The British Shipyard Asbestos Regulations

  • p. 244, note 99. Merewether, E.R.A., letter to N.L. Dolbey, Oct. 16, 1943. T&N document 0030-0321.
  • p. 244, note 100. Dolbey, N., letter to E.R.A., Merewether, Oct. 20, 1943. T&N document 0030-0322.
  • p. 244, note 101. Hutton, G.C., memorandum to A. Grieve, Nov. 24, 1944. T&N document 0030-0175.
  • p. 244, note 102. Collins, J., letter to W. McCaughey, Dec. 11, 1944. T&N document 0030-0185.
  • p. 245, note 103. McCaughey, W., letter to Turner & Newall, Dec. 28, 1944. T&N document 0030-0191.
  • p. 245, note 104. Cardiff Office memorandum to J. Pickup, London office, Sept. 14, 1945. And Grieve, A., memorandum to J. Collins, Sept. 24, 1945. T&N document 0057-1250.
  • p. 245, note 105. H.M. District Inspector of Factories, Hull, letter to Newalls Insulation Co., Mar. 21, 1944. T&N document 0012-0157.
  • p. 245, note 106. Grieve, A. (Newalls Insulation Co.), letter to J. Collins (Turner & Newall), Mar. 29, 1944. T&N document 0057-0267.
  • p. 245, note 107. Collins, J., letter to H.M. District Inspector of Factories (Mar. 31, 1944).
  • p. 246, note 108. H.M. District Inspector of Factories, Hull, letter to J. Collins (April 17, 1944). T&N document 0012-0163.
  • p. 246, note 109. Collins, J., letter to H.M. District Inspector of Factories (Apr. 19, 1944). T&N document 0012-0164.
  • p. 246, note 110. Factory Department, letter to J. Collins (Apr. 22, 1944). T&N document 0012-0165.
  • p. 246, note 111. Grieve, A. (Newalls), letter to J. Collins (Apr. 25, 1944).
  • p. 246, note 112. Collins, J., letter to H.M. District Inspector of Factories (Apr. 29, 1944).
  • p. 246, note 113. H.M. District Inspector of Factories, letter to J. Collins (May 2, 1944). T&N document 0010-0913.
  • p. 246, note 114. Washington Chemical Co., (subsidiary of T&N) letter to J. Collins (May 9, 1944).
  • p. 246, note 115. Collins, J., memorandum, "Andersons Insulations Co. Ltd.—Asbestos Claim," (May 11, 1944).
  • p. 246, note 116. Anderson, R.W. (Andersons Insulation Co.), letter to Newalls Insulation Co. (May 11, 1944). T&N document 0008-1379.
  • p. 246, note 117. Asbestosis Claim—Bernard Stevenson (Scottish Area), Oct. 4, 1939. T&N document 0061-1911.
  • p. 246, note 118. Newalls Insulation Co., memorandum to The Secretary, Turner & Newall (Sept. 18, 1940).
  • p. 246, note 119. Washington Chemical Co., memorandum to J.L. Collins (Jan. 16, 1947).
  • p. 246, note 120. Newalls Insulation Company Ltd. Pneumonconiosis Prior to February 1950.
  • p. 246, note 121. Garrett, A.W. (Chief Inspector of Factories), letter, "Asbestos Insulation Aboard Ships," August, 1945. In our library: A. W. Garrett, British Chief Inspector of Factories, on Asbestos Insulation Aboard Ships (1945)
  • p. 247, note 122. Collins, J., letter to H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories (Oct. 4, 1945). T&N document 0010-0965.
  • p. 247, note 123. Collins, J., memorandum to A. Grieve (Feb. 20, 1946), T&N document 0057-1232.
  • p. 247, note 124. Collins, J., The Asbestosis Fund. Turner & Newall, Ltd., Board Meeting 11 Dec. 1946.
  • p. 247, note 125. "Misadventure Verdict at City Inquest," Evening News (Nov. 22, 1947). T&N document 0038-0031.
  • p. 248, note 126. Wren, K., copy of letter applying for death benefit (Mar. 6, 1948).
  • p. 248, note 127. Collins, J., letter to McClure (Mar. 10, 1948).
  • p. 248, note 128. NIC Pneumoconiosis Cases Prior to Feb. 1950. T&N document 0059-1095.
  • p. 248, note 129. Collins, J., memorandum to J. Shaw (Nov. 9, 1950). T&N document 0057-1224.
  • p. 249, note 130. Collins, J., letter to Ministry of Labor and National Service (Dec. 6, 1950). T&N document 0012-0208.
  • p. 249, note 131. Collins, J., letter to Ministry of Labour and National Service (Dec. 6, 1950). T&N document 0012-0172.
  • p. 249, note 132. Plamondon, S.R. (Ministry of Health, Montreal), letter to K.C. Charron (Dept. National Health and Welfare, Ottawa), June 29, 1949. Dolbey, N., letter to H.A. Williamson (Atlas Asbestos Co.), copy to W.W.F. Shepherd (Aug. 10, 1949). T&N document 0009-1615.
  • p. 250, note 133. Waddell, J., memorandum to J.L. Collins (Mar. 5, 1952). T&N document 0009-1462.
  • p. 251, note 134. Collins, J., letter to Minister of Labor and National Service (Jan. 21, 1958). T&N document 0002-1264.
  • p. 251, note 135. Collins, J., "Draft Shipbuilding and Ships' Repairing Regulations," Turner & Newall, Ltd. Board Meeting—20. Mar. 1958, Item 14(c).
  • p. 252, note 136. Collins, J., "Draft Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing Regulations," Turner & Newall, Ltd. Board Meeting—26 June 1958, Item 14(c). T&N document 0012-0338.
  • p. 252, note 137. Dolbey, N. (J.W. Roberts, subsidiary of T&N), letter to J. Waddell and J. Collins (July 25, 1958). T&N document 0012-0342.
  • p. 306, note 138. 1960 No. 1932, The Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing Regulations, 1960.
  • p. 253, note 139. Waddell, J., "Asbestos and Mesothelioma," memorandum to E.A. Edmonds (Feb. 16, 1966). T&N document 0011-0671.
  • p. 253, note 140. Peto, J., J.T. Hodgson, F.E. Matthews, and J.R. Jones, "Continuing Increase in Mesothelioma Mortality in Britain," Lancet 345:535-539 (1995).

Unsteady Movement Toward Numerical Exposure Limits

  • p. 253, note 141. Lanza, A.J., "Pneumoconiosis," Minnesota Med. 23:776-780 (1940).
  • p. 253, note 142. Useful Criteria in the Identification of Certain Occupational Health Hazards. Division of Industrial Hygiene, Utah State Dept. of Health, p. 68 (1945).
  • p. 253, note 143. Rules and Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. Oregon State Board of Health (1945).
  • p. 253, note 144. Legal Requirements for the Prevention and Control of Industrial Public Health Hazards. Ohio Dept. of Health (1946).
  • p. 253, note 145. "Wartime Operations Emphasize Industrial Hygiene Problems of Asbestos Industry," Illinois Labor Bull. 3:10-22 (1943). In Abstract Lit. Indust. Hyg. Tox. supplement to J. Indust. Hyg. Tox. 25:137 (1943).
  • p. 253, note 146. Ministry of Health and Welfare, A Guide to the Diagnosis of Occupational Disease, Ottawa: The King's Printer, 1949, pp. 106-107.
  • p. 253, note 147. Hutchinson, F.W., "Dust as an Industrial Health Hazard," Heating and Ventilating 41:57-61 (1944).
  • p. 254, note 148. Minutes, Asbestos Textile Institute, Air Hygiene Committee, Feb. 5, 1947.
  • p. 254, note 149. Physical Examinations at Manville Factory (1932). Manville document. In our library: Physical Examinations of Employees at the Manville Factory (1932)
  • p. 255, note 150. Annual Report of the Industrial Health Section 1945. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. In our library: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Annual Report of the Industrial Health Section (1945)
  • p. 255, note 151. Brown, V., "Discussion," Pneumoconiosis New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1950, pp. 567-572.
  • p. 256, note 152. Johnstone, R.T., Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Co., 1948, pp. 368-372. In our library: Asbestosis
  • p. 256, note 153. Dusts, Fumes, Vapors, and Gases Safety Orders, Industrial Accident Commission of the State of California, San Francisco, 1939, p. 14.
  • p. 256, note 154. Sappington, C.O., Medicolegal Phases of Occupational Diseases, Chicago: Industrial Health Book Co., 1939, pp. 6-7, 76.

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs

  • p. 256, note 155. Report of the Sub Committee on Threshold Limits. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, Chicago, 1946, pp. 54-56.
  • p. 256, note 156. Report to the API Medical Advisory Committee by the Subcommittee on Permissible Concentrations, Nov. 13, 1947.
  • p. 256, note 157. Report of the Committee on Threshold Limits. Transactions of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Boston, 1948, pp. 29-32.
  • p. 257, note 158. Yant, W.P., "Industrial Hygiene Codes and Regulations," Transactions of Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh: Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., 1948, pp. 48-61.
  • p. 257, note 159. Vorwald, A.J., Kaylo Division Plant, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Sayreville, N.J. Industrial Hygiene Survey by the Saranac Laboratory (May 29, 1951). In our library: Saranac Laboratory, Report of Industrial Hygiene Survey of the Owens-Illinois Kaylo Division Plant (1951)
  • p. 258, note 160. Vorwald, A.J., Interim Report Regarding the Biological Activity of Kaylo Dust, to the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. (Oct. 30, 1948). In our library: Saranac Laboratory, Interim Report on the Biological Activity of Kaylo Dust (1948)
  • p. 258, note 161. Documentation of Threshold Limit Values, Cincinnati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1962, pp. 11-12.

Reaction in Other Countries to U.S. Numerical Guidelines for Asbestosis

  • p. 259, note 162. McLaughlin, A.I.G., "The Prevention of the Dust Diseases," Lancet 2:49-53 (1953).
  • p. 259, note 163. Harvey, B., "Some Personal Observations on Industrial Health in the United States of America," Br. J. Indust. Med. 11:222-226 (1954). In our library: Some Personal Observations on Industrial Health in the United States of America
  • p. 259, note 164. Meiklejohn, A., "Asbestosis." Industrial Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. III (Ed. E.R.A. Merewether), London: Butterworth & Co., 1956, pp. 116-117.
  • p. 259, note 165. Hills, D.W., "Subcommittee on Dust Sampling" T&N memorandum and report (Nov. 21, 1955). Deposition of D. Hills in Prudential Insurance Co. v. Turner & Newall, U.S. Dist. Court for Dist. of Mass. Civ. No. 85-2179-MA (Feb. 17, 1987).
  • p. 260, note 166. "Report of Visit by Dr. J.F. Knox to Keasbey & Mattison Company August 4-5, 1960." Turner & Newall, Ltd. (U.K.) document.
  • p. 260, note 167. Knox, J.F. and S. Holmes, "Asbestosis Research Committee," letter to H.M. Chief Inspector of Factories (Sept. 22, 1960). T&N document 0117-0007.
  • p. 260, note 168. Holmes, S., "Dust Counts: New South Wales," memorandum to D.W. Hills, June 21, 1960. T&N document 0350-0487.
  • p. 260, note 169. Roberts, C.G. and H.M. Whaite, Studies in Industrial Hygiene. No. 24, N.S.W. Dept. of Health (1953). Cited in Telleson, W.G., "Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis (Caplan's Syndrome) in an Asbestos Worker," Thorax 16:372-377 (1961).

Length of Fibers and Asbestosis

The Added Threat of Cancer

  • p. 262, note 176. Mayers, M.R., "Industrial Cancer of the Lungs," Compensation Med. 4:11-18 (1952).
  • p. 262, note 177. Isselbacher, K.J., H. Klaus, and H.L. Hardy, "Asbestosis and Bronchogenic Carcinoma," Amer. J. Med. 15:721-732 (1953). In our library: Asbestosis And Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Report Of One Autopsied Case And Review Of The Available Literature
  • p. 262, note 178. Hardy, H.L., letter to Dr. Grace Ziem (Feb. 7, 1990).
  • p. 262, note 179. Hardy, H. and D. Egilman, "Corruption of Occupational Medical Literature: the Asbestos Example," Amer. J. Indust. Med. 20:127-129 (1991). In our library: Corruption of occupational medical literature: the asbestos example.
  • p. 262, note 180. Hueper, W.C., "Silicosis, Asbestosis, and Cancer of the Lung," Am. J. Clin. Path. 25:1388-1390 (1955). In our library: Silicosis, asbestosis, and cancer of the lung.
  • p. 262, note 181. Minutes of Asbestos Textile Institute, Air Hygiene Comm. Mtg. (Mar. 7, 1956). In our library: Asbestos Textile Institute Air Hygiene Committee Minutes, March 7, 1956 (1956)
  • p. 262, note 182. Doll, R. "Mortality from Lung Cancer in Asbestos Workers," Brit. J. Ind. Med. 12:81-86 (1955). In our library: Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers.
  • p. 262, note 183. Editorial. "Lung Cancer in Asbestosis," Lancet 1:1163 (1955). In our library: Lung Cancer In Asbestosis
  • p. 263, note 184. Cook, W.A., "Symposium on Threshold Limits/Present Trends in MAC's," Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quarterly 17:273-274 (1956). And, Cook, W.A., "Maximum Allowable Concentrations of Industrial Atmospheric Contaminants," Indust. Med. 14:936-946 (1945).
  • p. 263, note 185. Stokinger, H.E., "Prepared Discussion," Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quarterly 17:284-286 (1956).
  • p. 263, note 186. Stokinger, H.E., "Recent Industrial Hygiene Developments—A Symposium/In the Field of Toxicology," Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quarterly 17:340-345 (1956).
  • p. 263, note 187. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (2d Ed.) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, (Cincinnati, 1966), p. 15. In our library: Documentation of Threshold Limit Values
  • p. 264, note 188. Stokinger, H.E., "Current Problems of Setting Occupational Exposure Standards," Arch. Environ. Health 19:277-281 (1969).

Criticism of the TLV and Delayed Response

  • p. 264, note 189. Schall, E.L., "Present Threshold Limit Value in the U.S.A. for Asbestos Dust: A Critique," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 132:316-322 (1965). In our library: Present threshold limit value in the U.S.A. for asbestos dust: a critique.
  • p. 264, note 190. Addingley, C.G., "Discussion," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 132:335 (1965). And Wells, J. Ibid., pp. 335-336. Inside: Economics of Dust Control
  • p. 264, note 191. Horowitz, L.D. (Certain-teed Products Corporation) memorandum to M.S. Davis, Jr. on Conference on Biological Effects of Asbestos/New York Academy of Sciences (Nov. 10, 1964).
  • p. 264, note 192. Mancuso, T.F., "Unpublished Data on Asbestos Dust Continue to Surface," Am. J. Indust. Med. 25:457-460 (1994). In our library: Unpublished data on asbestos dust continue to surface.
  • p. 265, note 193. Edwards, F.H., "Kaylo Dust—Bath Iron Works", OCF internal memorandum to J.M. Briley (Aug. 8, 1966).
  • p. 265, note 194. Deposition of E. Torbohn, J. Dartez v. Owens-Illinois et al. C.A. No. B-81-227, U.S. Dist. Court, E. Dist. TX, Beaumont Div. (Feb. 6, 1989).
  • p. 265, note 195. Sayers, I.C. (Union Carbide, U.K., Ltd., Alloys Div.), Asbestos as a Health Hazard in the United Kingdom (1967). Unpublished. In our library: I. C. Sayers, Asbestos as a Health Hazard in the United Kingdom (1967)
  • p. 265, note 196. Dernehl, C.U., letter to T. Hall (Union Carbide), June 7, 1967. In our library: C. U. Dernehl to T. J. Hall on the Sayers Asbestos Report, Coalinga Fiber Injection Studies and the Threshold Limit Value (1967)
  • p. 265, note 197. Riddle, J.A. (Union Carbide), letter to T.F. Tobin (Plant Manager, Stedfast Rubber Co.), May 9, 1969. In our library: J. A. Riddle to T. Frank Tobin, Stedfast Rubber Co., Enclosing Asbestos Toxicology Report and Describing Respirator Requirement (1969)
  • p. 265, note 198. Hall, T.J., "Asbestos Toxicology Report," memorandum and attachment (Jan. 12, 1965). In our library: T. J. Hall to T. Dougherty, R. A. Miller, R. Stobaeus and T. R. van Fleet on the Asbestos Toxicology Report (1965)
  • p. 265, note 199. Lane, K.S. (Union Carbide Assistant Medical Director), "Asbestos," memorandum and attachment (Apr. 3, 1969). In our library: K. S. Lane to C. Benjamin and Others Transmitting Revised Asbestos Toxicology Report (1969)
  • p. 265, note 200. Cooper, W.C., "Asbestos as a Hazard to Health," Arch. Environ. Health 15:285-290 (1967). In our library: Asbestos as a hazard to health. Fact and speculation.
  • p. 265, note 201. Cooper, W.C. (University of California School of Public Health), letter to H.E. Stokinger (Chairman of ACGIH Committee on Threshold Limits), Jan. 17, 1968.
  • p. 265, note 202. Balzer, J.L., "Industrial Hygiene for Insulation Workers," J. Occup. Med. 10:25-31 (1968). In our library: Industrial Hygiene For Insulation Workers
  • p. 266, note 203. Deposition of Paul Gross. In Dolibois v. Raybestos-Manhattan, U.S. Dist. Court, Middle Dist. TN Nashville Div. No. 80-3550. (Oct. 29, 1982).
  • p. 266, note 204. "Minutes of Meeting of Threshold Limits Committee, ACGIH," Washington, D.C. (Nov. 5-6, 1964).
  • p. 266, note 205. "Minutes of Meeting of Threshold Limits Committee, ACGIH," Washington, D.C. (Mar. 11-12, 1965).
  • p. 266, note 206. Gross, P., "The Pulmonary Response to Brake-Drum Dust: A Preliminary Investigation," document No. 3071 and file card on it at Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health (successor organization, Asbestos Institute), 1968. In our library: Report on The Pulmonary Response to Brake-Dust A Preliminary Investigation
  • p. 266, note 207. Konzen, J., "Medical Services Department—Status Report," OCF internal memorandum to J.M. Briley, Mar. 10, 1969.
  • p. 266, note 208. de Treville, R., "To IHF Fibrous Dust Study Sponsors," memorandum to Hugh Jackson (Johns-Manville), Lee Grant (PPG Industries), and Joseph Goodman (Raybestos-Manhattan), Sept. 10, 1969. In our library: Robert T. P. deTreville to Fibrous Dust Study Sponsors on a Draft Public Health Service Document (1969)
  • p. 266, note 209. Wade, N., "NAS Committee on Asbestos: Discovery of a Special Relationship," Science 193:661-664 (1976).
  • p. 267, note 210. 1968 Notice of Intent, Committee on Threshold Limits of the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists.
  • p. 267, note 211. Clifton, R.A., Asbestos Preprint from the 1982 Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook Washington: U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1983.
  • p. 267, note 212. Horowitz, L.D. (Certain-teed Products Corp.), letter to H.E. Stokinger (Jan. 22, 1968).
  • p. 267, note 213. Selikoff, I.J. (Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York), letter to H.E. Stokinger (Jan. 16, 1968).
  • p. 267, note 214. Stokinger, H.E., "Evaluation of Health Hazards-Asbestos, in Drinking Water" (2-pp memorandum to Chief, Water Supply and Sea Resources Program), March 4, 1969. From Toxicology Files of NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • p. 267, note 215. American Water Works Assoc. Research Foundation, "A Study of the Problem of Asbestos in Water," J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 66:Part 2, Appendix D-2 (Sept. 1974).
  • p. 268, note 216. Cooper, W.C., letter to H. Stokinger (Jan. 30, 1968).
  • p. 268, note 217. Lieben, J. (Penna. Div. Occ. Health), letter to R.T.P. de Treville (Industrial Hygiene Foundation), copy to H. Stokinger (Jan. 29, 1968).
  • p. 268, note 218. Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants adopted by ACGIH (for 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974) and Intended Changes. Published yearly by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • p. 268, note 219. Ayer, H.E., J.R. Lynch, and J.H. Fanney, "A Comparison of Impinger and Membrane Filter Techniques for Evaluating Air Samples in Asbestos Plants," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 132:274-287 (1965). In our library: A comparison of impinger and membrane filter techniques for evaluating air samples in asbestos plants.
  • p. 268, note 220. Samuels, S.W., "The International Context of Carcinogen Regulation: Benzidine," Banbury Report 9: Quantification of Occupational Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor (N.Y.) Laboratory, 497-512 (1981).

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT U.S. ASBESTOS STANDARD

  • p. 269, note 221. The Asbestos Worker Study of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health—A Progress Report. Presented at Western Industrial Health Conference. Oct. 1, 1971. From Toxicology Files of NIOSH, Cincinnati.
  • p. 269, note 222. Murphy, R.L. et al., "Floor, Tile Installation as a Source of Asbestos Exposure," Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 104:576-580 (1971). In our library: Floor tile installation as a source of asbestos exposure.
  • p. 269, note 223. Minutes of the Board of Governors, Asbestos Textile Institute (Oct. 7, 1971). Inside: Asbestos Textile Institute Air Hygiene & Manufacturing Committee Minutes, with Moist Spinning Process paper and related minutes, October 7, 1971 (1971)
  • p. 270, note 224. Mastromatteo, E. (Ontario Dept. of Health), letter to H.E. Stokinger (Chairman ACGIH Threshold Limits Committee), June 13, 1969.
  • p. 270, note 225. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. "Emergency Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust." Federal Reg. 36:23207-23208 (1971). In our library: OSHA Emergency Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust (1971)
  • p. 270, note 226. Brodeur, P., Expendable Americans, New York: Viking Press, 1974, pp. 115-140.
  • p. 270, note 227. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, HSM-10267 Washington: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1972. In our library: NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (1972, Second Printing)
  • p. 270, note 228. "Asbestos/Labor, Industry Differ Proposed Standard to Regulate Asbestos Dust," Occupational Safety & Health Reporter, pp. 996-999 (March, 1972).
  • p. 270, note 229. Bibri, L.J. (Armstrong Cork)., Testimony in Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust, O.S.H.A., U.S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, pp. 426-427 (March 17, 1972).
  • p. 270, note 230. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. "Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust." Fed. Reg. 37:11318-11322 (1972). In our library: Department of Labor (OSHA) Final Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust, Federal Register (June 7, 1972)
  • p. 270, note 231. Friction Materials Standards Institute, "OSHA Standard—Position of Industry, NIOSH and Advisory Committee" June 20, 1972. See also: Comparison Chart of Industry Position, NIOSH/Advisory Committee Recommendation and Final OSHA Asbestos Standard
  • p. 270, note 232. Epstein, S.S., The Politics of Cancer, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1978, p. 356. And Guenther, G., Assistant Secretary of Labor (OSHA), "OSHA Program Actions from Now through November," Confidential Memorandum, June 14, 1972.
  • p. 273, note 233. "Occupational Exposure to Asbestos: Emergency Temporary Standard," Fed. Reg. 48:51086-51140 (Nov. 4, 1983).
  • p. 273, note 234. "Asbestos/Emergency Standard of 0.5 Fiber Issued by OSHA: Industry Files Suit," Occup. Safety and Health Reporter Nov. 10, 1983, pp. 587-588, 596-650.
  • p. 274, note 235. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, "Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite, and Actinolite; Final Rules," Fed. Reg. 51:22612-790 (1986).

How Many Fibers a Day Is 2 Fibers per Cubic Centimeter?

Standards in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Sweden

  • p. 275, note 238. Michaels, L. and S.S. Chissick, Asbestos Vol. I, Chichester, England: J. Wiley & Sons, 1979, p. 7.
  • p. 275, note 239. Leathart, G.L. and J.T. Sanderson, "Some Observations on Asbestosis," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 6:65-74 (1963). In our library: Some Observations On Asbestosis
  • p. 275, note 240. Boath, A.B., "Draft New Asbestos Regulations," memorandum to A.N. Marshall, Aug. 12, 1968. T&N document 0126-0358.
  • p. 275, note 241. "Use of Sprayed Asbestos," T&N Board minute item 4(h), Mar. 7, 1974.
  • p. 275, note 242. British Occupational Hygiene Society Sub-committee on Asbestos, "Hygiene Standards for Chrysotile Asbestos Dust," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 11:47-69 (1968).
  • p. 276, note 243. Lewinsohn, H.C., "The Medical Surveillance of Asbestos Workers," Roy. Soc. Health J. 92:69-77 (1972). In our library: The medical surveillance of asbestos workers.
  • p. 276, note 244. Selikoff, I.J., Presentation on Asbestos at American Industrial Hygiene Conference, Boston, May 21, 1973. Turner & Newall document 0072-0536.
  • p. 276, note 245. Lewinsohn, H.C., memorandum to D.W. Hills (June 8, 1973). T&N document 0072-0639.
  • p. 277, note 246. Lewinsohn, H.C., letter to I.J. Selikoff (July 12, 1973). T&N document 0002-2018.
  • p. 277, note 247. Lewinsohn, H.C., letter to I.J. Selikoff (Aug. 15, 1973). T&N document 0072-0593.
  • p. 277, note 248. Selikoff, I.J., letter to H.C. Lewinsohn (Aug. 13, 1973).
  • p. 277, note 249. Howard, W.P. (Turner & Newall), memorandum to D.W. Hills (Turner Brothers Asbestos), Sept. 6, 1973. T&N document 0303-1112.
  • p. 277, note 250. Gilson, J.C. (Medical Research Council), letter to H.C. Lewinsohn (Sept. 18, 1973), T&N document 0072-0587.
  • p. 277, note 251. Lewinsohn, H.C., letter to I.J. Selikoff (Sept. 21, 1973). T&N document 0072-0588.
  • p. 277, note 252. Selikoff, I.J., letter to R. Murray (Sept. 25, 1973).
  • p. 277, note 253. Murray, R., letter to I.J. Selikoff (Oct. 5, 1973). T&N document 0072-0645.
  • p. 278, note 254. Murray, L. (General Secretary, Trades Union Congress), letter to J. Clayman (Oct. 22, 1973). T&N document 0072-0673.
  • p. 278, note 255. Murray, R., letter to I.J. Selikoff (Oct. 22, 1973). T&N document 0072-0672.
  • p. 278, note 256. Lewinsohn, H.C., memorandum to D.W. Hills and S. Holmes (Oct. 24, 1973). T&N document 0072-0584.
  • p. 278, note 257. Selikoff, I.J., letter to R. Murray (Oct. 30, 1973). T&N document 0072-0586.
  • p. 278, note 258. Murray, R., letter to H.C. Lewinsohn (Nov. 8, 1973). T&N document 0072-0585.
  • p. 279, note 259. Lewinsohn, H.C., letter to F.J. Solon (Nov. 8, 1973). T&N document 0078-0653.
  • p. 279, note 260. Lewinsohn, H.C., draft letter to The Editor, Journal of the Royal Society of Health (Oct. 21, 1974). T&N document 0002-1555.
  • p. 279, note 261. Lewinsohn, H.C., memorandum to D.W. Hills (Oct. 25, 1974). T&N document 0072-1552.
  • p. 280, note 262. Hills, D.W., memorandum to H.C. Lewinsohn (Oct. 29, 1974). T&N document 0301-2107.
  • p. 280, note 263. Wells, R.A., memorandum to D.W. Hills (Oct. 30, 1974). T&N document 0072-1549.
  • p. 280, note 264. Hills, D.W., memorandum to R.A. Wells (Nov. 4, 1974).
  • p. 281, note 265. Peto, J., "The Hygiene Standard for Chrysotile Asbestos," Lancet 1:484-489 (1978). In our library: The hygiene standard for chrysotile asbestos.
  • p. 281, note 266. Linzbach, A.J. and H.W. Wedler, "Beitrag zum Berufskrebs der Asbestarbeiter," Virchows Arch. Path. Anat. 307:387-409 (1941).
  • p. 281, note 267. Hueper, W.C., A Quest into the Environmental Causes of Cancer of the Lung, Public Health Monograph No. 452, Washington: U.S. Public Health Service, 1955. In our library: A Quest Into The Environmental Causes Of Cancer Of The Lung
  • p. 281, note 268. Jacob, G. and M. Anspach, "Pulmonary Neoplasia among Dresden Asbestos Workers," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 132:536-548 (1965).
  • p. 281, note 269. Selikoff, I.J. and Lee, D.H.K., Asbestos and Disease, New York: Academic Press, 1978, pp. 75-79, 450-462.
  • p. 281, note 270. "Regulations Respecting Protection against Occupational Hazard in Work with Asbestos," Royal Worker-Protection Commission's Regulation No. 52. Issued March, 1964 in Stockholm.

Exposure to Asbestos in Insulation Work

  • p. 281, note 271. Russell, A.E., "Address," Proceedings of Conference Concerning Effects of Dusts Upon the Respiratory System, Wisconsin: Democrat Press (conference held Nov. 16-17, 1932), pp. 167-187.
  • p. 281, note 272. Ellman, P., "Pulmonary Asbestosis: Its Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Features, and Associated Risks of Tuberculous Infection," J. Indust. Hyg. 15:165-183 (1933). In our library: Pulmonary Asbestosis: Its Clinical, Radiological, And Pathological Features, And Associated Risk Of Tuberculosis Infection
  • p. 282, note 273. U.S. Navy Department, "Asbestos Dust," Safety Review 4:13 (January, 1947).
  • p. 282, note 274. Occupational Health Hazards. Release No. 27, U.S. Navy, 1961, p. 104.
  • p. 282, note 275. Peele, R.E. (Union Carbide Chemicals Co.), "Industrial Hygiene Survey Construction Insulation Shop, Bldg. 511-2018," Reports 62-1-H-1-G-1 and 62-1-H-2-G-1 (March and July, 1962).
  • p. 282, note 276. Ayers, O., "Delamination Free Thermobestos by Pan Casting Progress Report No. 2—Dustiness During Fabrication," Johns-Manville Research and Engineering Center Report No. 432-257-51 (Nov. 6, 1962).
  • p. 282, note 277. "Construction Health Hazards," Michigan's Occupational Health 8:1-5 (1963).
  • p. 282, note 278. Marr, W.T. "Asbestos Exposure during Naval Vessel Overhaul," Amer. Indust. Hyg. Assoc. J. 25:264-268 (1964). In our library: William T. Marr, "Asbestos Exposure During Naval Vessel Overhaul" (1964)
  • p. 282, note 279. Ahlman, K. and E. Siltanen, "Exposure of Insulation Workers to Asbestos Dust," Work-Environment-Health 8:1-5 (1971). In our library: Kaj Ahlman and Eero Siltanen, Exposure of Insulation Workers to Asbestos Dust (1971)
  • p. 282, note 280. Murphy, R.L. et al., "Effects of Low Concentrations of Asbestos," New Engl. J. Med. 285:1271-1278 (1971).
  • p. 282, note 281. Ferris, B.G. et al., "Prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Disease: Asbestosis in Ship Repair Workers," Arch. Environ. Health 23:220-225 (1971). In our library: Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease. Asbestosis in ship repair workers.
  • p. 282, note 282. Harries, P.G., "A Comparison of Mass and Fibre Concentration of Asbestos Dust in Shipyard Insulation Processes," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 14:235-240 (1971), and Harries, P.G., "Asbestos Dust Concentrations in Ship Repairing," Ibid., pp. 241-254. In our library: A comparison of mass and fibre concentrations of asbestos dust in shipyard insulation processes.
  • p. 282, note 283. Barboo, S.H., "Recent Developments in Asbestos Control Measures in United States Naval Shipyards," Safety and Health in Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing, Geneva: International Labor Office, Occupational Safety and Health Ser. No. 27, 1972, pp. 85-92.
  • p. 282, note 284. Cross, A.A. "Practical Methods for Protection of Men Working with Asbestos Materials in Shipyards," Ibid., pp. 93-101.
  • p. 282, note 285. Balzer, J.L., D.P. Fowler, and W.C. Cooper, "Dust-Producing Potential of Construction Materials," Ibid., pp. 107-122.
  • p. 282, note 286. Nicholson, W.J., D.A. Holaday, and H. Heimann, "Direct and Indirect Occupational Exposure to Insulation Dusts in United States Shipyards," Ibid., pp. 37-47.
  • p. 290, note 287. Wright, G.W., Testimony in Standard for Exposure to Asbestos Dust, Washington: O.S.H.A., March 14, 1972, p. 247. In our library: Dr. George W. Wright, Testimony at the Labor Department Hearing on the Asbestos Standard (1972)
  • p. 290, note 288. Nicholson, W.J., Criteria Document for Swedish Occupational Standards: Asbestos and Inorganic Fibers, 1981, pp. 17-67.
  • p. 290, note 289. Mostert, C. and R. Meintjes, "Asbestosis and Mesothelioma on the Rhodesia Railways," Central Afr. J. Med. 25:72-74 (1979).
  • p. 290, note 290. Sunstedt, N., "Introduction of Asbestos Substitutes in a Swedish Shipyard," Safety and Health in Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing, Geneva: International Labor Office, 1972, 27-30.
  • p. 290, note 291. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. Federal Register 40:48292-311 (Oct. 14, 1975).

Cancer from Asbestos in the Absence of Asbestosis

Efficacy of Current Standards and Proposals to Change Them

  • p. 293, note 309. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Asbestos: Manufacture, Importation, Processing and Distribution in Commerce Prohibitions, Final Rule." Fed. Reg. 54:29460-29513 (July 12, 1989).
  • p. 293, note 310. Health and Safety Committee, Asbestos. Volume I: Final Report of the Advisory Committee London: H.M. Stationery Ofc., 1979, pp. 97-100. In our library: Asbestos, Volume 1: Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Asbestos, Health and Safety Commission, Great Britain (1979)
  • p. 293, note 311. Greenberg, M. (Health and Safety Executive) personal communication to the author, Sept. 21, 1982.
  • p. 293, note 312. Singer, A., "Asbestos Dust Health Rules to Be Tightened," The Guardian, July 31, 1982.
  • p. 293, note 313. "Sir Richard Doll's Talk to the Workforce at TBA Industrial Products Ltd. Rochdale, on 17th August 1982 about the Medical Effects of Asbestos." T&N doc. 50/0555-0571.
  • p. 293, note 314. Asbestos (News Release), Health and Safety Commission, London, Aug. 24, 1983.
  • p. 293, note 315. Saffiotti, U. et al., Evaluation of Environmental Carcinogens/Report to the Surgeon General April 22, 1970, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20 pp.
  • p. 293, note 316. Nicholson, W.J., "Case Study 1: Asbestos—the TLV Approach," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 271:152-169 (1976).
  • p. 295, note 317. Åhlberg, R. (Swedish Metalworkers Union), personal communication to the author, November 5, 1982.
  • p. 295, note 318. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, "Occupational Exposure to Asbestos/Notice of Proposed Rulemaking," Federal Reg. 40:47652-47665 (1975).
  • p. 295, note 319. Stayner, L., et al., "Exposure-Response Analysis of Risk of Respiratory Disease Associated with Occupational Exposure to Chrysotile Asbestos," Occup. Environ. Med. 54:646-652 (1997).

CONCLUSION

  • p. 296, note 320. Sax, N.I., Handbook of Dangerous Materials, New York: Reinhold Publishers, 1951, p. 34.
  • p. 297, note 321. Cook, W.A., "The Occupational Disease Hazard," Indust. Med. 11:193-198 (1942).
  • p. 297, note 322. Notebooks recording dust counts in the Manville plant of Johns-Manville, 1952-1954, in possession of Karl Asch, Elizabeth, N.J.
  • p. 316, note 323. Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, "Special Meeting—Grand Bahama Hotel and Country Club, G.B." (Mar. 29, 1968). In our library: Quebec Asbestos Mining Association Special Meeting Minutes on Caution Labels and Dr. Selikoff (1968)
  • p. 316, note 324. Wagoner, J.K. (U.S. Public Health Service, retired), personal communication to the author, 1982.
  • p. 299, note 325. Clifton, R.A. (U.S. Bureau of Mines), Asbestos preprint from the 1984 Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, Washington: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985. Also, personal communications from R. Virta, U.S. Bureau of Mines.

Cancer from Asbestos in the Absence of Asbestosis

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